Mwachidule: Kafukufukuyu akuwunika momwe kugwiritsa ntchito chikwama chopangidwira bwino kumakhudzira chitonthozo, kukhazikika, komanso kutopa paulendo wamasiku atatu. Poyerekeza zochitika zenizeni padziko lonse lapansi m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso nyengo, zikuwonetsa momwe kugawa katundu, zosankha zakuthupi, ndi njira zothandizira zingathandizire kwambiri kuyenda bwino popanda kuchepetsa kulemera.
Chifukwa Chake Zochitika Zenizeni Zoyenda Panyanja Zimawulula Zambiri Kuposa Zomwe Zapangidwira Zokambirana zambiri za Zolemba zakale Yambani ndi kutsiriza ndi tsatanetsatane: mphamvu, chokana nsalu, kulemera, kapena mndandanda wazinthu. Ngakhale magawowa ndi othandiza, samakonda kujambula momwe chikwama chimagwirira ntchito chikapakidwa, kuvala kwa maola ambiri, ndikukhala ndi njira zenizeni. Kuyenda kwamasiku ambiri kumapangitsa kuti woyenda ndi zida zochulukirachulukira, ndikuwulula mphamvu ndi zofooka zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphonya mayeso afupi kapena kufananitsa zipinda zowonetsera.
Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa momwe kusintha kwachikwama chopangidwira bwino kunakhudzira zotsatira zaulendo wamasiku atatu. M'malo mongoyang'ana kwambiri zomwe zimafuna mtundu kapena mawonekedwe apadera, kuwunikaku kumayang'ana zochitika zenizeni padziko lapansi: kutonthozedwa pakapita nthawi, kugawa katundu, kutopa, kuchulukana kwazinthu, komanso kuyenda bwino. Cholinga sikulimbikitsa chinthu china, koma kuwonetsa momwe zisankho zamapangidwe a zikwama zimasinthira kukhala zowongoka zoyezeka pakagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Ndemanga ya Ulendo: Chilengedwe, Nthawi Yaitali, ndi Zofuna Zathupi Mbiri ya Trail ndi Terrain Conditions Ulendowu wa masiku atatu unadutsa njira zosiyanasiyana za nkhalango, mapiri amiyala, ndi madera otsetsereka. Mtunda wonsewo unali pafupifupi makilomita 48, ndipo pafupifupi tsiku lililonse mtunda wa makilomita 16. Kuwonjezeka kwa kukwera m'masiku atatu kunadutsa mamita 2,100, ndi kukwera kosasunthika kangapo komwe kumafuna kuyenda kosasunthika komanso kuyenda koyendetsedwa.
Malo oterowo amapangitsa kuti pakhale kupanikizika kosalekeza pa kukhazikika kwa katundu. Pamalo osagwirizana, ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kulemera kwa chikwama kumatha kukulitsa kutopa ndikuchepetsa kukhazikika. Izi zidapangitsa kuti ulendowu ukhale malo abwino owonera momwe chikwama choyendamo chimasungirira bata m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Zochitika Zanyengo ndi Zachilengedwe Kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku kumachokera ku 14°C m’bandakucha kufika pa 27°C paulendo wa masana. Chinyezi chachibale chimasinthasintha pakati pa 55% ndi 80%, makamaka m'madera ankhalango momwe mpweya umakhala wopanda malire. Mvula yopepuka idachitika mwachidule masana achiwiri, kukulitsa kukhudzidwa kwa chinyezi ndikuyesa kukana madzi ndi kuyanika kwa zinthu.
Izi ndizofanana ndi maulendo ambiri amasiku atatu ndipo zimayimira kusakanizikana kowona kwa kutentha, chinyezi, ndi zovuta za abrasion m'malo motengera zovuta.
Kukonzekera Koyamba Kwa Chikwama Pamaso pa Ulendo Kukonzekera Katundu ndi Pack Weight Kulemera kwa paketi yonse kumayambiriro kwa Tsiku 1 kunali pafupifupi 10.8 kg. Izi zinaphatikizapo madzi, chakudya cha masiku atatu, zipangizo zokhalamo zopepuka, zovala, ndi zipangizo zotetezera. Madzi amawerengera pafupifupi 25% ya kulemera konse pakunyamuka, kutsika pang'onopang'ono tsiku lililonse.
Kuchokera pamawonedwe a ergonomic, paketi yolemera pa 10-12 kg ndi yofala pakuyenda kwamasiku angapo ndipo imakhala pachimake pomwe kusagawa bwino kwa katundu kumawonekera. Izi zidapangitsa kuti ulendowu ukhale woyenera kuwona kusiyana pakati pa khama komanso kutopa.
Zida Zopangira Chikwama Zosankhidwa Chikwama chokwera mtunda chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito paulendowu chinagwera mumtunda wa malita 40-45, kupereka malo okwanira popanda kulimbikitsa kudzaza. Nsalu yoyambirira idagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zapakatikati za nayiloni zokhala ndi zokana zokhazikika mozungulira 420D m'malo ovala kwambiri komanso nsalu zopepuka pamapanelo otsika kwambiri.
Dongosolo lonyamulira katundu limakhala ndi gulu lakumbuyo lakumbuyo lomwe lili ndi chithandizo chamkati, zomangira zapamapewa zokhala ndi thovu lapakati, komanso lamba wathunthu wa m'chiuno wopangidwa kuti asunthire kulemera m'chiuno osati mapewa.
Tsiku 1: Zowona Zoyamba ndi Kuchita Koyambirira Kutonthoza ndi Kukwanira Pa Makilomita 10 Oyamba Pamakilomita 10 oyambilira, kusiyana kowonekera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi maulendo am'mbuyomu kunali kusakhala ndi malo ovutikira. Zingwe zapamapewa zimagawa zolemera mofanana popanda kupanga kupsinjika komweko, ndipo lamba wa m'chiuno adachitapo kanthu msanga, kuchepetsa katundu wa mapewa.
Mwachidziwitso, kuyesayesa komwe kunkawoneka mu theka loyamba la Tsiku 1 kunadzimva kutsika ngakhale kuti anali ndi kulemera kofanana ndi maulendo apakale. Izi zimagwirizana ndi maphunziro a ergonomic omwe akuwonetsa kuti kutumiza katundu moyenera kumatha kuchepetsa kulimbikira komwe kumawoneka kuti ndi 15-20% pakuyenda mtunda wapakati.
Pakani Kukhazikika pa Zokwera ndi Zotsika Pa mapiri otsetsereka, paketiyo idakhalabe pafupi ndi thupi, kuchepetsa kukoka chakumbuyo. Panthawi yotsika, pomwe kusakhazikika kumawonekera, paketiyo idawonetsa kusuntha kocheperako. Kusinthasintha kocheperako kumasuliridwa kukhala masitepe osalala komanso kuwongolera bwino malo otayirira.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zokumana nazo zakale zokhala ndi mapaketi osamangika pang'ono nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kusintha kwa zingwe pafupipafupi pakutsika kuti zithandizire kusuntha katundu.
Tsiku 2: Kutopa Kutopa ndi Kugawa kwa Katundu Kutopa Kwa Minofu ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Tsiku lachiwiri lidayambitsa kutopa kowonjezereka, kuyesa kofunikira pathumba lililonse loyenda. Ngakhale kuti kutopa kwathunthu kunakula monga momwe amayembekezeredwa, kupweteka kwa mapewa kunachepetsedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi maulendo apitawo amasiku ambiri. Pofika masana, kutopa kwa mwendo kunalipo, koma kusapeza bwino kwa thupi kunali kochepa.
Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zonyamula katundu akuwonetsa kuti kugawa bwino kulemera kumatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pafupifupi 5-10% paulendo wautali. Ngakhale kuti miyeso yeniyeni sinayesedwe, kuthamanga kosalekeza komanso kuchepa kwa nthawi yopumula kumathandizira mfundoyi.
Kayendetsedwe ka mpweya wabwino ndi chinyezi Patsiku lachiwiri, mpweya wolowera m'mbuyo unakhala wofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha chinyezi chambiri. Ngakhale kuti palibe chikwama chomwe chingathe kuthetsa thukuta lonse, njira zoyendetsera mpweya ndi thovu lopumira zimachepetsa kusunga chinyezi. Zovala zowuma zouma mwachangu panthawi yopuma, ndipo paketiyo sinasungire chinyezi chochulukirapo.
Izi zinali ndi phindu lachiwiri: kuchepetsa kupsa mtima kwapakhungu komanso kutsika kwachiwopsezo cha fungo lambiri, zonse zomwe zimachitika pakuyenda kwamasiku ambiri m'malo achinyezi.
Tsiku 3: Chitonthozo Chanthawi Yaitali ndi Kudalirika Kwamapangidwe Kusungirako Kusintha kwa Strap pakapita nthawi Pofika tsiku lachitatu, kutsetsereka kwa zingwe ndi kumasuka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuonekera m'zikwama zosapangidwa bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, zosintha zinakhalabe zokhazikika, ndipo palibe kusintha kwakukulu komwe kunafunikira kupitirira ma tweaks ang'onoang'ono oyenera.
Kusasinthika kumeneku kunathandizira kukhalabe ndi kaimidwe komanso kuyenda, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwachidziwitso komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kasamalidwe ka zida kosalekeza.
Zida Zamagetsi ndi Zochita Ziphuphu zinkagwira ntchito bwino paulendo wonsewo, ngakhale pambuyo pokumana ndi fumbi ndi mvula yochepa. Pamwamba pansalu sanawonetse kuwoneka kapena kuphulika, makamaka pamalo olumikizana kwambiri monga papaketi ndi mapanelo am'mbali.
Seams ndi mfundo zopanikizika zinakhalabe bwino, kusonyeza kuti kusankha zinthu ndi kulimbikitsa kuyika kunali koyenera pamtundu wa katundu.
Kusanthula Kofananira: Chikwama Choyenera Chokwera Maulendo vs Kukhazikitsa Kwakale Kugawa Kulemera ndi Kuchepetsa Katundu Wowoneka Ngakhale kulemera kwake kwa paketiyo kunakhalabe kofanana ndi maulendo apambuyo, katundu wooneka ngati wopepuka ndi pafupifupi 10-15%. Lingaliro ili likugwirizana ndi kugwirizanitsa bwino kwa lamba wa m'chiuno ndi dongosolo lamkati lothandizira.
Kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa mapewa kunathandizira kuti mukhale bwino komanso kuti muchepetse kutopa kwamtunda kwamtunda wautali.
Kukhazikika ndi Kuyenda Mwachangu Kukhazikika kokhazikika kunachepetsa kufunika kwa mayendedwe obweza, monga kutsamira patsogolo kwambiri kapena kufupikitsa kutalika kwa mayendedwe. Pakadutsa masiku atatu, mphamvu zazing'onozi zidasonkhanitsidwa ndikupulumutsa mphamvu.
Zofunika Zopangira Zomwe Zinapangitsa Kusiyanako Kufunika kwa Chimango Cholondola ndi Mapangidwe Othandizira Thandizo lamkati lidachita gawo lofunikira pakusunga mawonekedwe a katundu ndikuletsa kugwa. Ngakhale paulendo waufupi wa masiku ambiri, chithandizo chamankhwala chimalimbitsa chitonthozo ndi kuwongolera.
Zosankha Zakuthupi ndi Kukhazikika Kwamphamvu Nsalu zokanira zapakatikati zidapereka kukhazikika koyenera pakati pa kulimba ndi kulemera. M'malo modalira zida zolemetsa kwambiri, kulimbikitsa kwaukadaulo kumapereka kukana kokwanira kwa abrasion komwe kunali kofunikira.
Kawonedwe ka Makampani: Chifukwa Chake Maphunziro Ofunika Pamapangidwe a Chikwama Kapangidwe ka zida zapanja zikamakula, opanga amadalira kwambiri zidziwitso zakumunda osati za labotale yokha. Kafukufuku wa zochitika zenizeni padziko lonse lapansi amawonetsa momwe zisankho zamapangidwe zimagwirira ntchito nthawi yayitali, ndikudziwitsanso kusintha kobwerezabwereza.
Kusintha uku kukuwonetsa mayendedwe okulirapo pamakampani omwe amatsata uinjiniya wokhazikika komanso kutsimikizika kwa magwiridwe antchito.
Malingaliro Owongolera ndi Chitetezo Pakugwiritsa Ntchito Padziko Lonse Mapangidwe a chikwama amaphatikizanso ndi malingaliro achitetezo, makamaka okhudza malire a katundu, chitetezo chokhudzana ndi zinthu, komanso thanzi lanthawi yayitali la minofu ndi mafupa. Kugawa katundu moyenera kumachepetsa chiopsezo chovulala, makamaka paulendo wautali.
Kutsatiridwa kwazinthu ndi zoyembekeza zolimba kumapitilirabe kukhudza mapangidwe amakampani akunja.
Maphunziro Omwe Timaphunzira Paulendo Wamasiku Atatu Zidziwitso zingapo zidatuluka paulendowu. Choyamba, kukwanira bwino ndi kugawa katundu kumafunika kwambiri kuposa kuchepetsa kulemera. Chachiwiri, chithandizo chothandizira chimapindulitsa osati kukwera mtunda wautali komanso maulendo afupiafupi amasiku ambiri. Pomaliza, kulimba mtima ndi chitonthozo zimalumikizana; paketi yokhazikika imachepetsa kutopa komanso imathandizira kuyenda bwino.
Kutsiliza: Momwe Thumba Loyenera Loyenda Limasintha Ulendo, Osati Njira Ulendo wamasiku atatuwu udawonetsa kuti chikwama chopangidwa bwino chimatha kupititsa patsogolo chitonthozo, bata, komanso kuchita bwino popanda kusintha njira yokhayo. Pogwirizanitsa mapangidwe a chikwama ndi zofuna zenizeni za kukwera mapiri, zochitikazo zimakhala zochepa pakulimbana ndi zovuta komanso kusangalala ndi ulendo.
Nyama 1. Kodi chikwama chokwera chingapangitse kusiyana kotani paulendo wamasiku ambiri? Chikwama chopangidwa bwino chokwera mtunda chimatha kuchepetsa katundu womwe anthu amauona, kukhala okhazikika, ndikuchepetsa kutopa kwa masiku angapo, ngakhale atanyamula kulemera komweko.
2. Ndi zikwama ziti zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri pakuyenda kwa masiku atatu? Zofunikira kwambiri zimaphatikizapo kugawa bwino katundu, chimango chothandizira, mapanelo opumira kumbuyo, ndi zida zolimba zomwe zimasunga magwiridwe antchito pakagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yayitali.
3. Kodi kugawa kulemera kwa chikwama kumachepetsa kutopa? Inde. Kutengera kulemera koyenera kupita m'chiuno ndikuyika katundu wokhazikika kumatha kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa mapewa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse pakamayenda nthawi yayitali.
4. Kodi chikwama chiyenera kukhala cholemera bwanji paulendo wa masiku atatu? Anthu ambiri oyenda m'misewu amayesetsa kusunga kulemera kwake pakati pa 8 ndi 12 kg, kutengera momwe alili komanso kulimba kwaumwini, kuti athetse chitonthozo ndi kukonzekera.
5. Kodi chikwama chabwinoko chingathandizire kuyenda bwino? Kukhazikika kwabwino ndi chitonthozo kumachepetsa kusuntha kosafunikira ndi kusintha kwa kaimidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyenda bwino komanso kupirira bwino.
Maumboni Load Carriage and Human Performance, Dr. William J. Knapik, U.S. Army Research Institute
Backpack Ergonomics ndi Musculoskeletal Health, Journal of Applied Biomechanics, Human Kinetics
Kukhalitsa kwa Textile mu Zida Zakunja, Textile Research Journal, SAGE Publications
Zotsatira za Kugawa Katundu pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zamagetsi, Journal of Sports Sciences
Mapangidwe a Chikwama ndi Kusanthula Kukhazikika, International Society of Biomechanics
Abrasion Resistance of Nylon Fabrics, ASTM Textile Committee
Kuwongolera Chinyezi mu Backpack Systems, Journal of Industrial Textiles
Mapangidwe Ogwiritsa Ntchito Panja Panja, Gulu Lapanja la European
Momwe Chikwama Choyenera Chokwera Chokwera Chimasintha Zotsatira Zenizeni za Ulendo Chikwama choyenda mtunda sichimangonyamula zida; imapanga mwachangu momwe thupi limayendera ndikuyankhira pakapita nthawi. Ulendo wa masiku atatu umenewu ukusonyeza kuti kusiyana pakati pa chikwama choyenera ndi chimodzi kumamveka bwino pamene mtunda, kusiyanasiyana kwa mtunda, ndi kutopa zimawunjikana.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro othandiza, kuwongolera sikunabwere chifukwa chonyamula zolemera zochepa, koma kuchokera kunyamula katundu womwewo mogwira mtima. Kugawa katundu moyenera kunasintha gawo lalikulu la kulemera kuchokera pamapewa kupita m'chiuno, kuchepetsa kupsyinjika kwa thupi ndikuthandizira kukhala ndi kaimidwe panthawi yokwera komanso yotsika. Thandizo lokhazikika lamkati loyenda pang'onopang'ono, lomwe lidachepetsa kuchuluka kwa masitepe owongolera ndikusintha kaimidwe komwe kumafunikira pamayendedwe osagwirizana.
Zosankha zakuthupi zinkathandizanso mwakachetechete koma zofunika kwambiri. Nsalu zokanira zapakatikati zidapereka kukana kokwanira kwa abrasion popanda kuwonjezera misala yosafunikira, pomwe zida zopumira kumbuyo zidathandizira kuwongolera kutentha ndi chinyezi pakagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali. Zinthuzi sizinathetse kutopa, koma zidachepetsa kuchulukana kwake ndikupangitsa kuti kuchira pakati pa masiku kukhale kosavuta.
Kuchokera kumalingaliro ochulukirapo, nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni kumafunikira pakupanga ndi kusankha zikwama. Mafotokozedwe a labotale ndi mindandanda yazinthu sizingadziwike bwino momwe paketi ingagwire ntchito ikangokhala ndi thukuta, fumbi, chinyezi, ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu mobwerezabwereza. Chifukwa chake, kukulitsa zida zakunja kumadalira kwambiri kuwunika kochokera m'munda kuti kuyeretse chitonthozo, kulimba, komanso kudalirika kwanthawi yayitali.
Pamapeto pake, chikwama chopangidwa bwino sichimasintha njira yokhayo, koma imasintha momwe woyendayo amachitira. Pothandizira thupi mogwira mtima komanso kuchepetsa kupsinjika kosafunika kwa thupi, chikwama choyenera chimalola mphamvu kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pakuyenda ndi kupanga zisankho m'malo mowongolera kusapeza bwino.
