Nkhaniyi idapangidwa kuti ithetse chinthu chimodzi: momwe mungasankhire chikwama chomwe sichidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni, osati mawonekedwe owonetsera. Ndizothandiza mndandanda wa kulimba kwa chikwama cha masewera olimbitsa thupi zopangidwira mitundu itatu yomwe mukulunjika: a thumba lamasewera a mpira,a thumba lamasewera a basketball,ndi a thumba la nsapato zamasewera zomwe zimakhala zolimba komanso zosagwira madzi pakapita nthawi.
Nthawi yokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi: kusungirako zida zoyesedwa za mpira, basketball, ndi nsapato zonyowa pabwalo.
Kukhalitsa Sichinthu Chimodzi Ndi Dongosolo
Ogula ambiri amawona kulimba mwa kukhudza: "Izi zimamveka zokhuthala, ndiye ziyenera kukhala zamphamvu." Umu ndi momwe anthu amagulira matumba omwe amawoneka olimba koma amalephera panthawi yoyamba yopanikizika. Kukhalitsa ndi unyolo. Ngati ulalo umodzi uli wofooka, thumba lonse limakhala dandaulo lamtsogolo.
Ganizirani mu zigawo zitatu:
Kukhazikika kwadongosolo
Izi ndi zokhudza njira ya katundu—momwe kulemera kumayendera kuchokera m’chipinda chachikulu kupita ku zingwe ndi zogwirira. Zolephera zofala kwambiri ndi mizu ya zingwe (pamene chingwe chimalumikizana ndi thumba), anangula, ndi ngodya zoyambira. Thumba lokhala ndi thupi lochindikala koma mizu yolimba yachingwe lili ngati galimoto yolimba yokhala ndi chiwongolero chotsika mtengo: chosangalatsa mpaka mutachifuna.
Kukhazikika kwa Hardware
Zida za Hardware ndi gawo lomwe "mumagwiritsa ntchito" kwambiri: zipi, slider, zomangira, mphete za D, zosintha. Ngakhale nsalu yaikulu sichitha kulipira zipper zomwe zimagwedezeka pansi pa zovuta. Mukatsegula chikwama chanu ka 10 mpaka 20 patsiku, kutopa kwa zipper kumakhala kolimba kwenikweni, osati mwatsatanetsatane.
Moyo weniweni ndi pansi panyowa, mbali zafumbi, zovala zotuluka thukuta, ndi thunthu lomwe nthawi zina limanunkhiza ngati kulimbitsa thupi kwadzulo. Kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe ndi kuthekera kwa thumba kulimbana ndi abrasion, chinyezi, ndi kunyansidwa popanda kuwononga msanga.
Apa, mawu awiri ofunika kwambiri: maziko osagwira madzi ndi kuteteza kutayikira kwa msoko-makamaka anu thumba la nsapato zamasewera.
A thumba lamasewera a mpira Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo ovuta: minda yakunja, yamatope, udzu wonyowa, fumbi lotayirira, komanso chipwirikiti cham'mbali. Imakondanso kugwetsedwa, kukokera, ndi kufinyidwa m'mitengo yagalimoto ndi zida zina.
Kwa mpira, kulimba kumakhala makamaka kunja ndi maziko. Abrasion ndi chinyezi ndizokhazikika. Chikwama "chowoneka bwino kwambiri" chikhoza kukhala choipitsitsa kwambiri ngati nsalu yoyambira imakhala yopyapyala kapena seams amayamba kupukuta madzi.
Mu mpira, khalani patsogolo nsalu yosamva abrasion, reinforced base panel, ndipo ma seams osagwira madzi.
Mbiri ya kulimba kwa chikwama cha mpira wa basketball
A thumba lamasewera a basketball nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi matope ochepa koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Amatsegulidwa mosalekeza: nsapato, nsapato zotuluka, tepi, manja, chopukutira, botolo, zotsekera m'makutu, makiyi - kenaka bwerezani. Osewera ambiri a basketball amafunanso kupeza mwachangu komanso kukonza kosavuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zipinda zambiri ndi zipi zambiri. Zipu zochulukira zikutanthauza kulephera kowonjezereka.
Kukhazikika kwa mpira wa basketball ndikokhudza kupirira kwa zipper komanso kutopa kwa zingwe. Ngati thumba latsegulidwa maulendo 30 mu gawo limodzi, zipi ndi kusokera kwake zikugwira ntchito yaikulu.
Kwa basketball, khalani patsogolo zipper kutopa kukana, kukhazikika kwa zingwe, ndipo mphamvu ya hardware.
Mbiri yolimba ya chikwama cha nsapato zamasewera
A thumba la nsapato zamasewera ali ndi mdani wapadera: nsapato yekha. Zimakhala ngati sandpaper. Onjezani chinyontho, thukuta, ndi pansi pomwe panyowa, ndipo mumakhala ndi namondwe wabwino kwambiri wamkati komanso kutayikira kwa msoko.
Chiwopsezo cham'mphepete mwa msoko ndi zipper: Kodi pali njira zodziwikiratu zotayikira pa seams ndi m'mphepete mwa zipper?
Za a thumba la nsapato zamasewera osalowa madzi, atatu awa ndiwo mtima wa chinthu. Matumba a nsapato omwe amalephera nthawi zambiri amalephera pano poyamba.
Kuyikira Kwambiri pa Sport-Specific Scoring (Momwe Mungathetsere Chibwenzi)
Pachikwama chamasewera a mpira, zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndizolimba m'malo ovuta, makamaka kuzungulira pansi ndi malo omwe amavala kwambiri. Ngati thumba limodzi likuchita bwino polimbana ndi abrasion ndi kuteteza maziko, limatha kukhala nthawi yayitali kunja, malo okhudzidwa kwambiri. Zikwama za mpira sayenera kukhala osalimba pamakona kapena pansi.
Ikani patsogolo a thumba la mpira lomwe lili ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa abrasion ndi maziko olimbikitsidwa, komanso seams osindikizidwa bwino kuteteza madzi kulowa m'nyengo yamvula.
Zomangira matumba a mpira wa basketball
Za basketball chikwama chamasewera, yang'anani pa ntchito ya zipper ndi kukhazikika kwa zingwe. Ngati thumba limodzi likuwonetsa kugwira ntchito bwino kwa zipi litapakidwa bwino ndipo silimawuma kapena kuvutitsidwa ndi katundu, chikwamacho chimatha kupirira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali bwino. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti zingwezo zimakhalabe pamalo ake ndipo zisasunthike kapena kutaya mphamvu pakapita nthawi.
Fufuzani a thumba la basketball lokhala ndi zipper zolimba zomwe sizingagwire kapena kusokoneza, pamodzi ndi kugwirizana kwa zingwe zolimba ndi hardware yomwe imatha kusintha pafupipafupi popanda kufooka.
Zomangira thumba la nsapato zamasewera
Za a thumba la nsapato zamasewera, chinsinsi cha kulimba chagona m'mphepete ndi m'mphepete mwa zipi, kumene kuvala kumayambira nthawi zambiri. Wopambana adzakhala thumba lomwe likuwoneka kuti lamangidwa mopitilira muyeso m'malo awa, kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yayitali. Mkatimonso uyenera kukhala wolimba mokwanira kuti usagwedezeke ndi nsapato popanda kusweka kapena kulola kuti chinyontho chidutse.
Sankhani a thumba la nsapato lokhala ndi seams amphamvu ndi chitetezo chowonjezera m'mphepete mwa zipper kupewa kuchucha. Mkati mwake womwe umalimbana ndi scuffing ndikofunikira kuti chikwamacho chikhale chowoneka bwino kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yayitali.
Ngati mukumva ngati "grit" kumverera, yang'anani ngati nyimbo ya zipper ikugwedeza pa nsalu. Kukangana kumeneko kumakhala kutha. Pakapita nthawi, zimakhala zolephera.
Ichi ndi mayeso amodzi owulula kwambiri a thumba lamasewera a basketball chifukwa kupezeka pafupipafupi ndi gawo la moyo wamasewera. Ngati mukufuna zipper kutopa kukana, muyenera kuyesa zipper pansi pa katundu.
Mayeso opotoza-ndi-kuyang'ana a hardware
Tengani zomangira zosinthira, ma D-rings, ndi tatifupi. Ikani mphamvu yopotoka yopepuka. Simukuyesera kuwaphwanya, mukuyang'ana ngati akumva zofooka kapena zotsika mtengo.
Samalani m'mbali. Mphepete zakuthwa zimavala zingwe pakapita nthawi. mphete yosalala m'mphepete ndi kukhazikika kwachete. Mphete yoyipa ndi kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono.
Mayesowa ndi ofunika kwa aliyense chikwama chamasewera a basketball olemetsa chifukwa zowongolera zingwe zimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse mukamayenda. Zosintha zotsitsa ndi zida zofooka zimapanga zovuta zodalirika kwanthawi yayitali ngakhale nsalu yachikwama imakhalabe.
Izi ndizofunikira kwa a thumba la nsapato zamasewera osalowa madzi chifukwa chinyezi chimakonda seams. Zosokera zomwe sizinapangidwe moganizira zimakhala ngati njira zotayikira.
Miyezo Yakukhazikika Kwamasewera a Mpira Wamasewera Ofunika Kwambiri
A thumba lamasewera a mpira ndi chida chopulumutsira. Imakhudzidwa ndi grit, chinyezi, ndi kukhudzidwa, nthawi zambiri mumayendedwe osadziwika bwino. Nayi miyezo yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri, yoperekedwa mwa "ubongo wogula" m'malo motsatsa.
Kupirira kwa abrasion m'malo olumikizana kwambiri
Chikwama cha mpira chimayikidwa pa udzu, m'mbali mwa miyala, pansi pazipinda zosungiramo zauve, ndipo nthawi zina pamiyala yonyowa. Chigoba chakunja chiyenera kukana abrasion pa ngodya zapansi ndi m'mphepete.
Ngati chikwama chanu chakwera kwambiri thumba lamasewera lolimbana ndi abrasion zizindikiro koma zotsika pachitetezo choyambira, ndizosagwirizana. Matumba a mpira amafunikira zonse ziwiri.
Ngati mungosankha chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri pa basketball, sankhani kupirira kwa zipper. Zipinda zambiri nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza zipi zambiri. Ma zipper ochulukirapo amatanthauza mwayi wolephera. Mndandanda wanu ukuwonetsa kale izi.
Chikwama cholimba cha basketball chidzakhala nacho thumba lachikwama la basketball lolimba la zipper khalidwe: yosalala pamene yadzaza, mayendedwe okhazikika, osagwedezeka, ndipo palibe "mafunde okwiya" pa tepi ya zipper.
Kukhazikika kwa chingwe ndi kusintha kukhulupirika
Apa ndipamene kulimbikitsa mizu ya chingwe nkhani. Chikwama sichiyenera kuoneka cholimba; iyenera kugwirana pamodzi pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka tsiku ndi tsiku.
Za hardware kutopa kukana, yang'anani m'mbali zosalala ndi zomangamanga zokhazikika. Ngati mukumva chakuthwa ndi chala chanu, lamba wanu amamvanso.
Kukhazikika kwa Thumba la Nsapato Zamasewera ndi Mndandanda Wosalowa Madzi
A thumba la nsapato zamasewera ali ndi moyo waufupi koma wolimba ngati atamangidwa molakwika. Nsapato mphesa. Chinyezi chimakhalabe. Kununkhira kumakhala zotsatira za kunyowa. Cholinga chanu apa ndikukhazikika komanso machitidwe odalirika amadzi.
Momwe mungasankhire thumba lolimba la nsapato zamasewera
Chikwama cha nsapato cholimba sichimangokhuthala. Imalimbikitsidwa mwanzeru m'malo atatu: pansi mkati, seams, ndi m'mphepete mwa zipper.
Ngati mukugula pa intaneti kapena mukuwunika njira zingapo, njira yachangu yodziwira kufooka ndikufunsa mafunso omwe amakakamiza kumangako kudziwonetsera. Awa si mafunso amwano. Iwo ndi "Ndimasamala za kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali" mafunso.
Mafunso pakulimba kwa chikwama cha mpira
Funsani za kulimbikitsa komanso kuyika pachiwopsezo cha madzi, osati kulimba wamba.
Chikwama chabwino cha mpira chiyenera kukhala ndi mayankho omwe amagwirizana ndi mapu olephera: mphamvu zamagulu oyambira, chitetezo pamakona, kumanga msoko, ndi madera abrasion.
Mawu anu amndandanda wamalingaliro ndi thumba lamasewera lolimbana ndi abrasion kuphatikiza reinforced base panel kuphatikiza ma seams osagwira madzi.
Mafunso a basketball sports bag durability
Funsani za khalidwe la zipper pansi pa katundu ndi kulimbikitsa mizu ya chingwe. Osavomereza "zipper yosalala" ngati chonena. Zosalala pamene zopanda kanthu zilibe tanthauzo.
Mafunso pakulimba kwa thumba la nsapato zamasewera
Funsani za khalidwe la msoko ndi ma abrasion mkati. Matumba ambiri ofooka a nsapato amawoneka bwino mpaka atagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa miyezi iwiri. Mukufuna chidaliro chomanga ngati umboni.
Ngati mukufuna kwa nthawi yaitali kulimbikitsa mizu ya chingwe ntchito, musawononge ndi zizolowezi zokhotakhota nthawi zonse.
Kukonza Zotsutsana ndi Kusinthanitsa Malamulo Osankha (Palibe Kuyankhula Mtengo Kofunika)
Mndandanda wa kulimba uyeneranso kukuthandizani kusankha ngati thumba lingasungidwe kapena lipumitsidwe. Cholinga chake ndi chidaliro ndi chitetezo, osati kuganiza mopambanitsa.
Pamene kukonza kumakhala kwanzeru
Ngati muwona ulusi wawung'ono ukumasula pa msoko, kapena kupatukana kwakung'ono komwe sikunafalikire, kukonza ndikoyenera. Ngati chikoka cha zipper chawonongeka koma njira ya zipper imakhalabe yokhazikika, ndiyenso yokonzeka kukonza.
Izi ndi nkhani zoyambirira zomwe sizikuwonetsa kulephera kwadongosolo.
Izi ndizowona makamaka pamasewera am'munda. Maziko olephera pa a thumba lamasewera a mpira nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zovuta za chinyezi zomwe zimafalikira ku chilichonse chomwe mumanyamula.
Sankhani thumba lomwe lili ndi mizu yolimba yazingwe komanso machitidwe osalala a zipu mukadzaza. Mizu ya zingwe ndi zipi ndipamene kutopa kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumawonekera koyamba.
Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa a thumba lamasewera a basketball, chifukwa mumatsegula chikwamacho pafupipafupi ndikuchinyamula pafupipafupi.
Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa a thumba lamasewera a mpira ndi thumba la nsapato zamasewera.
Wophwanya chikole: Chilango chofooka kwambiri
Ngati gawo lofooka kwambiri la thumba ndi chitetezo chokhazikika kapena kukhazikika kwa zipper, chitengeni ngati chiwopsezo chanthawi yayitali ndikuchitsitsa m'malingaliro ndi mulingo umodzi wokhazikika. Zofooka zimenezo nthawi zambiri sizikhala "zazing'ono".
Mapeto
Chikwama cholimba cha masewera olimbitsa thupi si chomwe chimawoneka cholimba. Ndilo lomwe limapulumuka zizolowezi zanu: kulowa mobwerezabwereza, kukweza kovutirapo, pansi panyowa, mipanda yolimba, ndi katundu wathunthu. Gwiritsani ntchito mndandanda wa mfundo 21 kuti muyang'ane mapu olephera -mizu, zipi, ngodya zoyambira, ndi malo owopsa a msoko - chifukwa ndipamene matumba amathyoka.
Za a thumba lamasewera a mpira, lolani madera abrasion, chitetezo choyambira, ndi machitidwe amadzi zisankhe. Za a thumba lamasewera a basketball, lolani kukana kutopa kwa zipper ndi kukhazikika kwa zingwe zisankhe. Za a thumba la nsapato zamasewera, lolani kupewa kutayikira kwa msoko ndi kukana abrasion yamkati kusankha. Mukagoletsa ndikuyesa thumba motere, mumasiya kutchova njuga pa "kuwoneka kolimba" ndikuyamba kugula kulimba komwe mungamve sabata iliyonse.
Nyama
1. Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati chikwama cha masewera a mpira ndi cholimba mokwanira kumunda wakunja?
A cholimba thumba lamasewera a mpira Ayenera kukhala okwera pamagawo abrasion, zolimbitsa zoyambira, komanso malo owopsa amadzi amsoko. Yang'anani pamakona, mawonekedwe apansi, komanso ngati kunja kumakana kukwapula ndi chinyezi m'malo momangomva "wokhuthala."
2. Kodi cholephera chofala kwambiri m'thumba lamasewera a basketball ndi chiyani?
Za a thumba lamasewera a basketball, kulephera koyambirira kofala kwambiri ndi zipi yomwe ili pansi pa katundu ndikutsegula mobwerezabwereza. Chachiwiri ndi kutopa kwa mizu ya chingwe. Ngati zipperyo ikagwedezeka pamene thumba ladzaza, nthawi zambiri zimakula kwambiri ndi nthawi.
3. Ndingayese bwanji kulimba kwa zipi ndisanapereke chikwama?
4. Nchiyani chimapangitsa thumba la nsapato zamasewera kukhala lopanda madzi pakugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku?
A thumba la nsapato zamasewera osalowa madzi imagwira bwino pa seams ndi m'mphepete mwa zipper. Kupaka madzi pamwamba sikokwanira. Gwiritsani ntchito kuyesa thaulo la pepala kuti muwone ngati chinyezi chikulowa mumizere ya msoko ndi m'mphepete mwa zipi pansi pa kupopera kopepuka.
5. N'chifukwa chiyani chikwama changa cha nsapato chimatha mofulumira kuposa thumba langa lalikulu la masewera olimbitsa thupi?
A thumba la nsapato zamasewera amakumana ndi ma abrasion mkati kuchokera ku sole za nsapato komanso kukhudzana ndi chinyezi. Popanda nsapato thumba mkati abrasion kukana ndi nsonga zolimba, chinsalucho chimadutsa ndipo njira zotayikira zimapangika mwachangu kuposa m'thumba la masewera olimbitsa thupi.
6. Kodi chikwama chingakhale cholimba ngati chili ndi zigawo zambiri?
Inde, koma pokhapokha ngati ma seams a chipinda ndi zipper akuphatikizidwa mu kapangidwe kake. Zipinda zochulukira zimatanthawuza ma seams ndi zipi zambiri, kotero kulimba kumadalira kulimbikitsa ndi kukhazikika kwa zipper zikadzaza.
7. Ndiyenera kusunga bwanji chikwama cha masewera a mpira pambuyo pa maphunziro onyowa?
Bwezerani pamene ngodya zoyambira zatha, mizu ya zingwe ikung'ambika, kapena njanji yayikulu ya zipper imasokonekera mobwerezabwereza. Izi ndi zolephera zokhazikika pamapangidwe ndipo zimakonda kubwereza ngakhale zitangokonza pang'ono.
Maumboni
TS ISO 4920: 2012 Zovala - Kutsimikiza kukana kunyowetsa pamwamba (kuyezetsa utsi) - Wolemba: International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ｜Institute: ISO-Source: ISO Standards Catalogue.
ISO 811:2018 Muyezo: Zovala - Kutsimikiza kukana kulowa kwa madzi - Hydrostatic pressure test - Wolemba: International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ｜Institute: ISO-Source: ISO Standards Catalogue.
TS EN ISO 12947-2 Zovala - Kudziwitsa za kukana kwa abrasion kwa nsalu ndi njira ya Martindale - Gawo 2: Kudziwitsa za kuwonongeka kwa zitsanzo
TS ISO 13934-1: 2013 Zovala - Zowoneka bwino za nsalu - Gawo 1: Njira ya mizere - Wolemba: International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) - Institution: ISO-Source: ISO Standards Catalogue.
AATCC Test Method 22: Water Repellency — Spray Test｜ Wolemba: AATCC (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists)｜Institution: AATCC｜Source: AATCC Technical/ Testing Methods Catalogue.
Mayeso a YKK Fastener Quality Testing and Performance Verification (Technical Article)｜Wolemba: YKK Americas｜Institute: YKK Americas / YKK Corporation｜Source: YKK Americas Knowledge Center / Technical Article.
Durability Insight Hub
Kodi kulimba kumatanthauza chiyani m'thumba la masewera olimbitsa thupi?
Chikwama cholimba cholimba cholimbitsa thupi sichimangotanthauza kuti nsalu yakunja imakhala yolimba. Zili pafupi ndi mapangidwe onse omwe amatha kuthana ndi zovuta zenizeni zomwe mungazigwiritse ntchito: momwe zimasinthira kulemera kuchokera ku chipinda chachikulu kupita ku zingwe, momwe zipi zimagwiritsidwira ntchito kawirikawiri, komanso ngati maziko ndi seams angakane chinyezi ndi kuvala pakapita nthawi. Sikuti "kuyang'ana zolimba," ndizokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku popanda kusweka.
Chifukwa chiyani mizu ya zingwe ndi zipi ndizofunika kuti zikhale zolimba?
Madera awiriwa ndi omwe matumba ambiri amawonongeka poyamba. Mizu ya zingwe, pomwe lamba limakumana ndi thumba, limakhala lopanikizika nthawi zonse, ndipo kusokera kofooka pamenepo kungayambitse thumba lomwe limakhala losagwiritsidwa ntchito pakangopita miyezi ingapo. Mofananamo, zipper ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pathumba la masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngati zipper sizikhala zosalala pambuyo potsegula ndikutseka mobwerezabwereza, zimatha kukhumudwitsa kugwiritsa ntchito. Kusankha thumba lokhala ndi zingwe zomangika ndi zipi zapamwamba zimatha kutanthauza kusiyana pakati pa thumba lokhazikika ndi lomwe limalephera msanga.
Kodi mungayese bwanji kulimba kwa thumba mumphindi zochepa chabe?
Simukuyenera kudikirira masabata kuti muwone ngati thumba lanu lingatenge nkhawa. Ingonyamulani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuyesa mwachangu ndikukweza. Ngati zingwe zimawoneka ngati zikutambasula kapena mawonekedwe a thumba akuwoneka ngati opepuka, ndiye mbendera yofiira. You can also test the zippers by opening and closing them 20 times with the bag loaded—if it catches or gets stuck, it won’t stand up to repeated use. These quick tests can reveal a lot about the true durability of a bag.
Posankha pakati pa matumba, yang'anani kumadera omwe amavala kwambiri: mizu ya zingwe, zipper, ndi maziko. Kwa thumba la mpira, yang'anani ngodya zolimbikitsidwa ndi maziko omwe angathe kupirira mikhalidwe yonyowa. Kwa thumba la basketball, onetsetsani kuti zippers zimakhala zosalala pansi pa katundu komanso kuti zingwe sizikugwedezeka pamene zisinthidwa. Ndipo pa thumba la nsapato za masewera, onetsetsani kuti seams ndi zippers zimasindikizidwa bwino kuti chinyezi chisalowe mkati.
Momwe mungayang'anire kutsekereza madzi komanso kukhazikika kwapansi mu thumba la masewera olimbitsa thupi?
Kukaniza madzi pamwamba ndikwabwino, koma thumba lopanda madzi limalepheretsa chinyezi kulowa mu seams ndi maziko. Kuti muyese izi, yesani njira ya thaulo la pepala: ikani chopukutira chowuma mkati mwa thumba, tsitsani kunja pang'ono, ndikuwona ngati chinyezi chimalowa mkati. Pansi pake payeneranso kukhala olimba komanso osapunthwa kapena kunyonyotsoka ndi malo ovuta. Ngati maziko akuwonetsa zizindikiro za kuvala pambuyo pa kukhudzana kochepa, ndicho chizindikiro cha zinthu zotsika kwambiri zomwe sizikhala nthawi yaitali.
