ISISHWANKATHELO ESIFUTSHANE:
Ukugquma kwe-PU kunye nesigqubuthelo semvula sisebenzisa iindima ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela amanzi ekunyukeni koobhaka.
I-PU i-coating inikezela ukuchasana kwamanzi okwakhelwe ngaphakathi ngokuchasene nokukhanya ukuya kwimvula ephakathi, ngelixa izigqubuthelo zemvula zibonelela ngokhuseleko lwangaphandle ngexesha lemvula emide okanye enzima.
Akukho nasinye isisombululo esisebenza ngokupheleleyo sisodwa; ukusebenza kwehlabathi lokwenyani kungangeni manzi kuxhomekeke kumhlaba, ubude bemozulu, kunye nendlela zombini ezi zisetyenziswa kunye.
Intshayelelo: Kutheni “Ukungangeni kwamanzi” Kuthetha Izinto Ezahlukeneyo kwiiHackpacks
Kubantu abaninzi abakhenkethayo, igama elithi “ukungangeni kwamanzi” libaqinisekisa. Icebisa ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye noxolo lwengqondo xa iimeko zemozulu ziguquka ngokungalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo ekusebenzeni, ukuthintela amanzi kwiipakethi zokukhwela intaba kuninzi kakhulu kuneleyibhile enye okanye into.
Izisombululo ezimbini eziphambili zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi namhlanje: I-PU-coated ubhaka amalaphu kwaye imvula yangaphandle igubungela. Zombini ziyilelwe ukulawula ukufuma, kodwa zisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, zisebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ziyasilela phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukubhideka kuvela xa abakhweli behamba becinga ukuba ezi zisombululo ziyatshintsheka okanye balindele ukuba enye inike ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kokungangeni kwamanzi kuyo yonke imo.
Eli nqaku liphonononga ukusebenza kwehlabathi lokwenyani oobhaka bokuhamba abangangeni manzi ngokuphonononga I-PU yokwambathisa vs isigqubuthelo semvula ngokusebenzisa isayensi yezinto, ukuqwalaselwa kwebhayomechanical, kunye nemeko evavanyiweyo yokuhamba ngeenyawo. Kunokuba kuphakanyiswe isisombululo esinye phezu kwesinye, injongo kukucacisa indlela inkqubo nganye esebenza ngayo, apho igqwesa khona, nalapho imida yayo iba yinto ebalulekileyo.
Ukuwuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile. Iingcamango ezingafanelekanga malunga nokungangeni kwamanzi zihlala zikhokelela kwimpahla emanzi, ukunciphisa ukuzinza komthwalo, kunye nokuthotywa kwezinto zangaphambi kwexesha-ingakumbi ngexesha lokuhamba kweentsuku ezininzi okanye ukugqithiswa kweqondo lokushisa. Ekupheleni kwesi sikhokelo, uya kuba nesakhelo esisebenzayo sokugqiba ukuba nini PU ukutyabeka, imvula igubungela, okanye a indlela exutyiweyo yenza eyona ngqiqo.
Iimeko zokwenyani zokukhwela intaba zityhila indlela oobhaka abagqunywe nge-PU kunye nezigqubuthelo zemvula ezisebenza ngokwahlukileyo phantsi kwemvula enkulu ethatha ixesha elide kwiindlela zeentaba.
Ukuqonda ukungangeni kwamanzi kwiibhegi zokuhamba
Ukumelana naManzi vs Ukungangeni manzi: Iinkcazo zobuGcisa
Kwizixhobo zangaphandle, ukungangeni kwamanzi kukho kwi-spectrum kunokuba ibe yi-binary state. Uninzi Ukuhamba ngeenyawo iwele kudidi lwe iinkqubo zokungangeni manzi, ezingezizo izitya ezitywiniweyo ngokupheleleyo.
Ukumelana namanzi ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa kusetyenziswa iireyithingi zentloko ye-hydrostatic, ebonakaliswe ngeemilimitha (mm). Eli xabiso limele ukuphakama komhlathi wamanzi ilaphu elinokumelana nalo phambi kokuba kuvuze.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
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1,000–1,500 mm: ukunganyangeki kwemvula encinane
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3,000 mm: ukhuseleko lwemvula oluzinzileyo
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5,000 mm nangaphezulu: ukumelana noxinzelelo lwamanzi oluphezulu
Nangona kunjalo, ukulinganiswa kwelaphu kuphela akuchazi ukusebenza okupheleleyo kokungena kwamanzi. Ukuthunga, i-seams, ii-zippers, ukuvuleka kwe-drawcord, kunye ne-interfaces yepaneli yangasemva zihlala zisiba ziindawo zokungena kwamanzi ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba ukusilela kwelaphu kwenzeke.
Kutheni "i-100% iBackpack engenamanzi" inqabile
I-backpack yokuhamba i-flexible, isakhiwo esithwala umthwalo. Ngokungafani neengxowa ezomileyo, kufuneka zigobe, zicinezele, kwaye zitshintshe ngexesha lokunyakaza. La mandla aguqukayo abeka esichengeni ukutywinwa ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiweyo kwe-torso kwandisa uxinzelelo kwi-seams. Iibhanti zamagxa kunye neebhanti zehip zenza iindawo ezixineneyo. Nokuba ngelaphu elingangeni manzi, ukungena kwamanzi kuqhelekile:
Ngenxa yoko, uninzi Ukuhamba ngeenyawo ukuthembela kwiinkqubo kunezithintelo ezipheleleyo zokulawula ukuba sesichengeni samanzi.
I-PU Coating icacisiwe: Indlela Esebenza ngayo kunye nento eyenzayo ngokwenene
Yintoni iPU Coating ekuHambeni koobhaka
PU ukutyabeka ibhekisela a umaleko wepolyurethane isetyenziswe kumphezulu wangaphakathi welaphu likabhaka. Oku kugquma kwenza ifilimu eqhubekayo ethintela ukungena kwamanzi angamalwelo ngelixa igcina ukuguquguquka kwelaphu.
Iingubo ze-PU zidla ngokudityaniswa nazo amalaphu enayiloni ukusuka kwi 210D ukuya ku-600D, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomthwalo. Ubukhulu bokugquma kunye nokwakheka bumisela ukusebenza kokungangeni kwamanzi, ukuqina, kunye nobunzima.
Ngokungafaniyo nonyango lwangaphandle, i-PU yokugquma ikhusela ilaphu ukusuka ngaphakathi ngaphandle, oku kuthetha ukuba amanzi kufuneka adlule kwi-weave yangaphandle ngaphambi kokudibana nomqobo wokungangeni manzi.
Iimetriki zokuSebenza okungangenwa ngamanzi kwi-PU Coated Fabrics
Apha ngezantsi kukho uthelekiso olulula lwe-PU-coated eqhelekileyo I-Hikeck Backpack amalaphu:
| Uhlobo lwelaphu | Umkhanyeli | PU Coating Ukutyeba | Ireyithingi yoThintelo lwaManzi |
| Inayiloni eKhala | I-210D | I-PU encinci | 1,500–2,000 mm |
| Inayiloni ephakathi | 420d | I-PU ephakathi | 3,000–4,000 mm |
| Inayiloni enzima | 600D | I-PU enzima | 5,000 mm+ |
Ngelixa amalaphu e-denier aphezulu axhasa ii-coatings ezityebileyo, ukusebenza kokungangeni kwamanzi akukho mgca. Ukunyuka kwe-coat thickness yongeza ubunzima kunye nokuqina, okunokunciphisa induduzo yepakethi kunye nokunyusa umngcipheko wokuqhaqha ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ukuqina kwePU Coating Ngokuhamba kwexesha
Iingubo ze-PU zisengozini i-hydrolysis, inkqubo yokuwohloka kwemichiza ekhawuleziswa bubushushu, ukufuma, kunye neemeko zokugcina. Ukuqwalaselwa kwentsimi kubonisa ukuba iingubo ze-PU zinokulahlekelwa 15–30% yokusebenza kwawo ekungangeni kwamanzi emva kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5 yokusetyenziswa rhoqo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifumileyo.
Ukusongwa okuphindaphindiweyo, ukucinezelwa, kunye nokuvezwa kobushushu obuphezulu kunokukhawulezisa ukuwohloka. Oku kuthetha ukuba ii-backpacks ezifakwe kwi-PU zifuna ukomiswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kwexesha elide.
Izigubungelo zeMvula zicacisiwe: Ukukhuselwa kwangaphandle njengeNkqubo
Igubungela njani imvula Khusela oobhaka bokuHamba
Amagquma emvula imiqobo yangaphandle eyenzelwe ukugalela amanzi phambi kokuba ifike kwilaphu likabhaka. Ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngenayiloni egqunywe ngobunzima okanye ipolyester, izigqubuthelo zemvula zigquma ipakethe, zihambisa imvula kude nemithungo kunye neziphu.
Ngokungafaniyo neengubo ze-PU, izigqubuthelo zemvula zisebenza ngokuzimeleyo Izinto zabasemva. Olu lwahlulo lubavumela ukuba batshintshwe, baphuculwe, okanye basuswe ngokusekelwe kwiimeko.
Isigqubuthelo semvula sibonelela ngokhuseleko lwangaphandle lokungangeni manzi xa iipakethi zokuhamba ezinyukayo zisesichengeni seemvula ezinde okanye ezinzima.
Unyino lwezigqubuthelo zemvula kwiiMeko zokwenyani zokuHamba
Nangona kubonakala kulula, amagquma emvula azisa eyawo imingeni. Kumoya ovuthuzayo, izigqubuthelo zingatshintsha okanye ziqhawule ngokuyinxenye. Kwizityalo ezishinyeneyo, zinokugxalathelana okanye zikrazuke. Ngexesha lemvula eyandisiweyo, amanzi asenako ukungena ngaphantsi okanye kwiindawo ezingagqunywanga.
Ukongeza, izigqubuthelo zemvula azikhuseli ukufuma okwenziwa ngaphakathi kwipakethi. Impahla emanzi okanye ukujiya okuvaleleke ngaphantsi kwesigqubuthelo kusenokubangela ukoma kwangaphakathi esichengeni.
Ubunzima, ukuPakisha, kunye nokuSetyenziswa okuSebenzayo
Uninzi lwamagquma emvula anobunzima phakathi 60 kunye ne-150 g, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bepakethi. Ngelixa zikhaphukhaphu, zongeza inyathelo elongezelelweyo lokuhambisa ngexesha lokutshintsha kwemozulu ngesiquphe.
Kwiindawo zeentaba ezitshintsha ngokukhawuleza, ukulibaziseka kokuthunyelwa kwemvula kudla ngokukhokelela ekumanziseni okungaphelelanga phambi kokuba ukhuseleko lusebenze.
I-PU Coating vs iSigqubuthelo seMvula: Uthelekiso olusecaleni
Ukusebenza kokungangeni manzi ngapha kobunzulu bemvula
| Imeko | PU Coating | Isiciko semvula |
| Imvula eKhanya | Isebenza | Isebenza |
| Imvula ephakathi | Iyasebenza (ixesha eliqingqiweyo) | Isebenza kakhulu |
| Imvula enkulu (4+ iiyure) | Ukuphuma kancinci kancinci kunokwenzeka | Ukhuseleko oluphezulu ukuba lukhuselekile |
Ukusebenza Ngexesha Lokutyhileka rhoqo
Iingubo ze-PU zixhathisa ukugcwala ngokuthe ngcembe kodwa ekugqibeleni zivumela ukungena kokufuma kwimithungo. Imvula igquma ngokugqwesa kwimvula ehlala ixesha elide kodwa ixhomekeke kwindawo efanelekileyo kunye nokuma kwayo.
Impembelelo ekuzinzeni koMthwalo kwaye uthwale iNtuthuzelo
Iingubo ze-PU zongeza ubunzima obuncinci kwaye zigcine ipakethi yejometri. Izigqubuthelo zemvula zinokubhabha emoyeni okanye zitshintshe ibhalansi kancinane, ngakumbi kwiindlela ezimxinwa.
Amanqaku Okusilela Ukuthelekisa
Iingubo ze-PU ziyasilela ngokwekhemikhali ngokuhamba kwexesha. Izigqubuthelo zemvula ziyasilela ngenxa yokonakala, ukufuduswa komoya, okanye impazamo yomsebenzisi.
Iimeko zokwenyani zokuHamba: Sesiphi isisombululo esingenaManzi esenza ngcono
Ukuhamba ngeMini emifutshane kwiMozulu engazinzanga
I-PU yokwaleka iyodwa ihlala yanele. Ukuba sesichengeni semvula kudla ngokuba mafutshane, kwaye ukuntsonkotha okucuthiweyo kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Uhambo lweentsuku ezininzi kunye nokuVeliswa kweMvula ePhindayo
Imvula igquma ngaphezulu kweengubo zokwaleka zePU ngexesha lokuna kwemvula ixesha elide, ngakumbi xa idityaniswe neengxowa ezomileyo zangaphakathi.
Iimeko ezibandayo nezimanzi
Kwiindawo ezibandayo, iingubo eziqinileyo ze-PU zinokuqhekeka, ngelixa izigqubuthelo zemvula zihlala zibhetyebhetye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqokelelana kwekhephu kunokongamela amaqweqwe angakhuselekanga kakuhle.
Iimeko eziNgxamisekileyo
Ukuba isigqubuthelo semvula asiphumelelanga, ukugquma kwePU kusabonelela ngesiseko sokuxhathisa. Ukuba i-PU yokugqoka iyancipha, i-cover cover inika ukhuseleko oluzimeleyo. Ukungafuneki kuphucula ukomelela.
Iindlela zoShishino: Indlela iBackpack Waterproofing eqhubekayo ngayo
Shift Ujonge kwiiNkqubo zeHybrid zokungaManzi
Abavelisi bayanda ukuyila iipakethi ezine Ukwaleka okuphakathi kwePU idityaniswe ne amaqweqwe emvula anganyanzelekanga, ukulinganisa ubunzima, ukuqina, kunye nokuguquguquka.
Uzinzo kunye noxinzelelo lolawulo
Imimiselo yokusingqongileyo ityhala iibrendi ukunciphisa iileyiti ezisekwe kwi-solvent kwaye iphonononge ezinye iindlela ezihlaziyiweyo ze-PU. Ubomi obude buya kuxabiswa njengemetric yokuzinza.
Iimpazamo zokuthenga eziqhelekileyo xa ukhetha iibhegi zokuHamba ezingenaManzi
Abaninzi abakhenkethi bawacingela kakhulu amabango angangeni manzi ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukwakhiwa komthungo, ukuvezwa kweziphu, okanye ukuguga kwexesha elide. Abanye baxhomekeke kuphela kwizigqubuthelo zemvula ngaphandle kokunika ingxelo ngemithombo yokufuma yangaphakathi.
Okuninzi impazamo eqhelekileyo Ucinga ukuba ukungangeni kwamanzi yinto enye kunenkqubo edibeneyo.
Unokukhetha njani phakathi kwe-PU Coating kunye neSigqubuthelo seMvula
Ngokusekwe kubude bohambo
Uhambo olufutshane luthanda iingubo zePU. Iihambo ezongeziweyo zixhamla kwiikhava zemvula okanye iinkqubo ezidibeneyo.
Ngokusekelwe kwiMozulu
Iindawo ezifumileyo nezitshisayo zikhawulezisa ukuwohloka kwePU, okonyusa ukubaluleka kokugquma kwemvula.
Ngokusekwe kuMthwalo kunye noYilo lwePakethi
Imithwalo enzima yokwandisa uxinzelelo lomthungo, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide le-PU.
Xa Uzifuna Zombini
Ukuhamba ngeentsuku ezininzi kwimozulu engalindelekanga, a I-PU-coated pack kunye nesigqubuthelo semvula inikeza ukuthembeka okuphezulu.
Ukuqukumbela: Ukungangeni kwamanzi yiNkqubo, Ayisiyonto
Ubhaka wokuhamba ungangeni manzi azichazwa ngento enye okanye isincedisi. Iingubo ze-PU kunye nezigqubuthelo zemvula zisebenza iindima ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwesicwangciso esibanzi solawulo lokufuma.
Iingubo ze-PU zibonelela ngokungenamthungo, ukuxhathisa rhoqo kunye nefuthe elincinci lobunzima. Izigqubuthelo zemvula zibonelela ngokhuseleko oluphezulu ngexesha lemvula ethatha ixesha elide kodwa zixhomekeke ekuhanjisweni nasekugcinweni ngendlela eyiyo.
Eyona ndlela iphumelelayo kukugqala ukungenwa kwamanzi njengenkqubo enemaleko—leyo eqhelana nomhlaba, imozulu nobude bohambo. Ukuwuqonda lo mahluko kuvumela abakhweli ukuba bakhusele izixhobo, bagcine intuthuzelo, kwaye bandise ubomi bomqolo.
FAQ
1. Ngaba oobhaka bokuhamba nge-PU bagqunywe ngamanzi ngokupheleleyo?
Iibhegi ezigqunywe nge-PU ziyakwazi ukumelana namanzi kodwa azinamanzi ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yemithungo, iziphu, kunye nokuvuleka kwesakhiwo.
2. Ingaba isigqubuthelo semvula singcono kunelaphu elingangeni manzi?
Izigqumathelo zemvula zisebenza ngcono kwimvula enkulu, ngelixa amalaphu angangeni manzi ebonelela ngokhuseleko olusisiseko.
3. Ihlala ixesha elingakanani ukugquma ngoobhaka be-PU?
Ngononophelo olufanelekileyo, iingubo ze-PU zihlala zigcina ukusebenza iminyaka emi-3-5 ngaphambi kokuthotywa okubonakalayo.
4. Ingaba izigqubuthelo zemvula zikhusela iziphu zikabhaka?
Ewe, imvula igquma iziphu zekhaka kwimvula ethe ngqo, inciphisa umngcipheko wokuvuza ngexesha lezaqhwithi.
5. Loluphi uqikelelo olungangenwa manzi olulungele ukuhamba koobhaka?
Iireyithingi phakathi kwe-1,500 kunye ne-3,000 mm zanele kwiimeko ezininzi zokuhamba xa zidibene noyilo olufanelekileyo lwepakethe.
Izalathiso
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Ilaphu elingangenwa ngamanzi kunye nelokuphefumla kwisixhobo sangaphandle
URichard McCullough, Ijenali yoPhando lweLaphu, kwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina State
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Iindlela zoVavanyo lweNtloko ye-Hydrostatic kwiiMpahla zangaphandle
UJames Williams, iZiko lemiGangatho yaseBritani (BSI)
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I-Polyurethane Coatings kunye ne-Hydrolytic Degradation kwi-Synthetic Fabrics
Takashi Nakamura, iKyoto Institute of Technology
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IiNkqubo zokuThuthwa kweMithwali kunye noLawulo lokufuma kwi-Backpack Design
UMichael Knapik, i-US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
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UBuchule boKhuseleko lwemvula yeeBakhi zangaphandle
USimon Turner, uMbutho woShishino lwaNgaphandle
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Ukuhlala ixesha elide kunye nokuziphatha okuguga kweMilaphu yaNgaphandle eCoated
Lars Schmidt, Hohenstein Institute
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Impembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo yeeNgqungquthela zePU kwiiMveliso zangaphandle
U-Eva Johansson, iQela langaphandle laseYurophu
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Urhwebo loYilo oluSebenzayo lokuHamba ooBhaka phantsi kweMozulu eMandundu
UPeter Reynolds, kwiYunivesithi yaseLeeds
Isakhelo seSigqibo kunye neeNgcaciso eziSebenzayo malunga noKhuseleko lokuThintela amanzi oBhaka
Indlela iPU Coating eyikhusela ngayo iBakha yokuHamba:
I-PU yokugqoka i-PU isebenza ngokwenza umaleko oqhubekayo we-polyurethane kumphezulu wangaphakathi wempahla ye-backpack, ukucotha ukungena kwamanzi kunye nokuphucula ukumelana kwamanzi kwexesha elifutshane.
Ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bokugquma, ukuxinana kwelaphu, kunye nokunxitywa kwexesha elide.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-abrasion, uxinzelelo olusongelwayo, kunye ne-hydrolysis inokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-coating, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifumileyo okanye ezinobushushu obuphezulu.
Kutheni iMvula igquma ihlala ifanelekile ngaphandle kwamalaphu angangeni manzi:
Imvula igubungela umsebenzi njengomaleko wesibini wokukhusela, ukuthintela ukugcwala ixesha elide kwamalaphu angaphandle kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwi-seams kunye ne-zippers.
Zisebenza kakuhle ngakumbi ngexesha lemvula engagungqiyo, ukuwela imilambo, okanye xa oobhaka beveziwe ngelixa bemile.
Nangona kunjalo, izigqubuthelo zemvula zibonelela ngokhuseleko olulinganiselweyo kwimvula eqhutywa ngumoya engena isuka kwipaneli yangasemva okanye kwiindawo zokubopha amagxa.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa kusetyenziswe iSicombululo esingenaManzi esinye kuphela:
Ukuxhomekeka kuphela kwi-PU yokwambathisa kunokukhokelela ekungeneni kokufuma kancinci ngexesha lemvula eyandisiweyo, ngelixa ukuxhomekeka kuphela kwisigqubuthelo semvula kukuhoya ukujiya kwangaphakathi kunye nokuba sesichengeni komthungo.
Iimeko zokwenyani zokuhamba zihlala zityhila ii-backpacks kwii-angles eziguquguqukayo, iindawo zoxinzelelo, kunye nokunxibelelana neendawo ezimanzi, ezibonisa imida yokhuseleko lomgangatho omnye.
Ukukhetha iQhinga eliLungileyo lokungaManzi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokuHamba:
Ukuhamba ngeentsuku kwimozulu eyomileyo okanye epholileyo kudla ngokuxhamla ngokwaneleyo kwiingubo ezigqunywe yi-PU zodwa, ngelixa ukunyuka kweentsuku ezininzi, iindawo ze-alpine, okanye imozulu engalindelekanga ifuna indlela ecacileyo.
Ukudibanisa i-PU yokwambathisa kunye nesigqubuthelo semvula esifakwe ngokufanelekileyo kuphucula ukuthembeka ngokubanzi ngaphandle kokunyusa kakhulu ubunzima bepakethi okanye ubunzima.
Iingqwalasela zeXesha Elide kunye neeNdlela zoYilo:
Uyilo lwale mihla lobhaka wokukhwela intaba luya luthanda iinkqubo ezilungeleleneyo zokungangeni kwamanzi endaweni yamabango angangeni manzi ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuphuculwa kolwakhiwo lomthungo, ukuhambisa amanzi ngobuchule, kunye nokubekwa kwelaphu ngobuchule kujolise ekulawuleni utyhileko lwamanzi kunokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo.
Olu tshintsho lubonisa ukuqonda okusengqiqweni ngakumbi malunga nendlela oobhaka abasetyenziswa ngayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle.
