Incamake Yihuse: Iyi ngingo iragaragaza amakosa akunze kugaragara abakerarugendo bakora muguhitamo igikapu cyo gutembera, ukurikije ibintu nyabyo byerekana inzira, amakuru y'ibikorwa, n'amahame ya ergonomique. Irasobanura uburyo amakosa yo guhitamo ubushobozi, gukwirakwiza imizigo, bikwiye, ibikoresho, no guhumeka bishobora kongera umunaniro, kugabanya umutekano, no guhungabanya umutekano, ikanagaragaza uburyo twakwirinda ibyo bibazo binyuze mu gufata ibyemezo neza.
Iriburiro: Kuki guhitamo igikapu cyo Kugenda nabi ari ibisanzwe kuruta uko ubitekereza Kuri ba mukerarugendo benshi, guhitamo igikapu cyo gutembera wumva byoroshye kubeshya. Isahani yuzuyemo udupapuro dusa, amashusho kumurongo yerekana abantu bamwenyura mumihanda yimisozi, kandi ibisobanuro bikunze gutekwa kugeza kumibare mike: litiro, uburemere, nubwoko bwimyenda. Nyamara munzira, kutamererwa neza, umunaniro, no guhungabana byerekana ukuri gukabije -guhitamo igikapu cyo gutembera ntabwo ari icyemezo cyuburyo, ahubwo ni tekiniki .
Mubihe nyaburanga byo gutembera kwisi, ibibazo byinshi ntabwo biva mubihe bikabije, ahubwo bituruka ku kudahuza gato hagati yumufuka nurugendo nyirizina. Ipaki isa neza mububiko irashobora kumva ihanwa nyuma yamasaha ane kubutaka butaringaniye. Undi arashobora kwitwara neza murugendo rugufi ariko ahinduka inshingano muminsi ikurikiranye yo gutembera.
Iyi ngingo irasenyuka amakosa akunze kugaragara muguhitamo a Gutembera , ntabwo bivuye muburyo bwo kwamamaza, ahubwo duhereye kuburambe bwo murwego, siyanse yibintu, hamwe na biomehanike yabantu. Buri kosa risuzumwa hifashishijwe ibintu bifatika, ibipimo bipimwa, n'ingaruka z'igihe kirekire - bikurikirwa n'inzira zifatika zo kubyirinda.
Kwerekana uburyo guhitamo gutembera neza kugikapu bifasha guhumurizwa, gutuza, no gukora neza mumasaha menshi.
Ikosa 1: Guhitamo ubushobozi bushingiye kubikorwa aho kuba igihe cyurugendo Uburyo Kurenza Ubushobozi Byongera Umunaniro Rimwe mu makosa akunze kugaragara ni uguhitamo igikapu cyo gutembera gishingiye ku bitekerezo bidasobanutse nka "binini ni byiza" cyangwa "umwanya wongeyeho ushobora kuza bikenewe." Mu myitozo, igikapu kinini cyane hafi ya cyose kiganisha kuri kwirundanya ibiro bitari ngombwa .
Iyo ubushobozi burenze ibikenewe, abakerarugendo bakunda kuzuza umwanya. Ndetse n'inyongera 2 kg y'ibikoresho birashobora kongera ingufu zikoreshwa na 10-15% umunsi wose wo gutembera. Amapaki manini nayo yicara hejuru cyangwa arambuye kure yinyuma, ahindura hagati ya rukuruzi kandi yongera imbaraga zumwanya.
Nigute Gupfobya Ubushobozi Bitera Ingaruka Zumutekano Ku rundi ruhande, ipaki ni ntoya imbaraga zikoreshwa hanze. Umugereka wo hanze - udupapuro two kuryama, ikoti, cyangwa ibikoresho byo guteka - bitera uburemere bwa swing. Kumanika 1.5 kg Ikintu gishobora guhungabanya uburinganire kumanuka no kumayira, byongera ibyago byo kugwa.
Gukosora Ubushobozi Buringaniye Ubwoko bwurugendo Kuzamuka k'umunsi: 18-25L , umutwaro usanzwe 4-7 kg
Kuzamuka ijoro ryose: 28-40L , umutwaro 7-10 kg
Urugendo rw'iminsi 2-3 40-55L , umutwaro 8-12 kg
Guhitamo ubushobozi bushingiye kumwanya wurugendo nibisabwa-ntabwo ari ugukeka-ni urufatiro rwo guhitamo gutembera neza .
Ikosa 2: Kwirengagiza Ikwirakwizwa ry'imizigo no kwibanda gusa ku buremere bwuzuye Impamvu Ibikapu Ibiro Byonyine Nibipimo Biyobya Abaguzi benshi bakosora uburemere bwubusa bwigikapu. Mugihe udupaki tworoheje dushobora kuba ingirakamaro, gukwirakwiza ibiro bifite uburemere burenze uburemere bwuzuye . Amapaki abiri atwara kimwe 10 kg umutwaro urashobora kumva utandukanye bitewe nuburyo uburemere bwimurwa.
Igitugu-Dominant vs Hip-Gushyigikirwa Umutwaro Igikoresho cyateguwe neza 60-70% y'umutwaro ku kibuno. Ibishushanyo mbonera bisiga ibitugu bitwara uburemere bwinshi, byongera umunaniro wimitsi ya trapezius no guhagarika ijosi. Hafi yintera ndende, ubwo busumbane bwihutisha umunaniro nubwo uburemere bwuzuye butahindutse.
Ibisobanuro birambuye kuri sisitemu yo kwimura imitwaro harimo imishumi yo kwimura ibitugu, umukandara wa sternum, na hip umukandara.
Ingaruka zifatika zifatika: Kuzuza, Kumanuka, Inzira zidahwanye Kuzamuka kuzamuka, kugabanuka kwimitwaro ituma abakerarugendo bagenda imbere cyane. Kumanuka, imizigo idahwitse yongera imbaraga zivi kumavi kugeza kuri 20% , cyane cyane iyo ibiro bihindutse bitateganijwe.
Ikosa rya 3: Guhitamo Ibikoresho bishingiye ku Kwamamaza, Ntukoreshe Ibisabwa Gusobanukirwa Imyenda Yirenze Imibare Guhakana imyenda akenshi ntibisobanuka neza. 210D nylon ni yoroshye kandi ikwiriye kuzamuka vuba, ariko ntishobora kwihanganira abrasion. 420D itanga impirimbanyi ziramba nuburemere, mugihe 600D indashyikirwa mubihe bigoye ariko ikongeramo misa.
Kuramba bigomba guhuza na terrain. Imyenda ihakana cyane kumuhanda woroheje yongeraho uburemere budakenewe, mugihe imyenda yo hasi-ihakana ahantu h'urutare yangirika vuba.
Ibirango bitarimo amazi vs Gucunga neza Amashanyarazi adafite amazi arashobora gutinza kwinjira mumazi, ariko hatabayeho guhumeka neza, kondegene yimbere irubaka. Ibishushanyo bihumeka bigabanya kwirundanya kwimbere imbere 30-40% mugihe cyo kuzamuka cyane.
Abrasion, UV Kumenyekanisha, hamwe no Gutesha agaciro igihe kirekire Kwagura UV kwagutse birashobora kugabanya imbaraga zingirakamaro by kugeza 15% ku mwaka mubikoresho bidakingiwe. Ba mukerarugendo bamara igihe kirekire bagomba gutekereza kuvura imyenda no kuboha ubucucike, ntabwo ari ibirango bitarinda amazi.
Ikosa rya 4: Dufate ko "Ingano imwe ihuye na bose" kuburebure bwinyuma kandi bukwiye Impamvu Uburebure bwa Torso bufite akamaro kuruta uburebure Uburebure bwa Torso bugena aho uburemere bwicaye ugereranije nibibuno. Kudahuza na Cm 3-4 Irashobora guhindura umutwaro hejuru, uhakana imikorere yumukandara.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kuboneka Mubaguzi Bambere Umukandara wo mu kibuno wicaye hejuru cyane
Imishumi yigitugu ifite impagarara zikabije
Ibyuho hagati yumwanya winyuma numugongo
Guhindura Sisitemu na Frames zihamye Guhindura inyuma yinyuma yakira ubwoko bwinshi bwumubiri ariko irashobora kongeramo 200–300 g . Amakadiri ahamye aroroshye ariko bisaba ubunini bwuzuye.
Ikosa 5: Kwirengagiza Ventilation no gucunga ubushyuhe Kwiyongera Ibyuya no Gutakaza Ingufu Kubira ibyuya birenze urugero ntabwo byoroshye gusa - byongera ibyago byo kubura umwuma no gutakaza ingufu. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ubushyuhe bwumuriro bushobora kuzamura imbaraga zakozwe na 8-12% .
Mesh Panels vs Imiyoboro Yindege Yubatswe Mesh itezimbere umwuka ariko ikanda munsi yumutwaro uremereye. Imiyoboro yindege yubatswe ikomeza guhumeka munsi 10+ kg imizigo, itanga imikorere ihamye.
Ibihe byihariye Ikirere cyuzuye: shyira imbere umwuka
Ubushyuhe bwumye: kuringaniza umwuka no kurinda izuba
Ibidukikije bikonje: guhumeka cyane birashobora kongera ubushyuhe
Ikosa 6: Gushyira imbere Kugaragara Kurenza Imikorere Impamvu Gushyira Umufuka Ibintu Byimuka Umufuka ushyizwe nabi uhatira abakerarugendo guhagarara kenshi. Guhagarika bigabanya injyana yo gutembera no kongera umunaniro.
Ubwoko bwa Zipper hamwe no Kunanirwa Umukungugu, umucanga, nubushyuhe bukonje byihuta kwambara. Isuku isanzwe irashobora kwongerera igihe cya zipper 30-50% .
Umugereka wo hanze: Ufasha cyangwa uteje akaga? Umugereka wo hanze ugomba kuba uhamye kandi ugereranije. Imigozi idahwitse yongerera impande zombi, cyane cyane kubutaka butaringaniye.
Ikosa 7: Kwirengagiza Gukoresha Igihe kirekire no Kuruha Umunaniro Ikizamini kigufi vs Amasaha menshi Ikizamini cyiminota 15 ntigishobora kwigana a Isaha 6-8 umunsi wo gutembera. Ingingo zingutu zumva ari nto hakiri kare zirashobora gucika intege mugihe runaka.
Micro-Guhindura hamwe ningufu zingufu Guhindura imishumi ihoraho byongera ingufu zikoreshwa. Ndetse no gukosora bito byasubiwemo inshuro magana kumunsi byongera umunaniro wapimye.
Umunaniro wuzuye muminsi ikurikirana Kugenda muminsi myinshi, ibintu bitameze neza. Ibyumva gucungwa kumunsi umuntu arashobora guhinduka imbogamizi kumunsi wa gatatu.
Imigendekere yinganda: Uburyo bwo gutembera mumifuka bigenda bitera imbere Ibikapu bigezweho byo gutembera bigenda byishingikiriza ku kwerekana imiterere ya ergonomique, kugereranya imitwaro, no kugerageza umurima. Inzira zirimo amakadiri yoroheje hamwe no kunoza imitwaro, kubika modular, hamwe no guhuza imyenda irambye.
Ibitekerezo byumutekano numutekano mubikoresho byo hanze Ibikoresho byo hanze bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge nigihe kirekire. Kurwanya abrasion, umutekano wimiti, hamwe no gupima uburinganire bwimiterere birinda abakoresha kunanirwa imburagihe.
Uburyo bwo Kwirinda Aya makosa: Urwego rufatika rwo gufata ibyemezo Guhuza Igishushanyo Cyigishushanyo Kuri Urugendo Reba intera, umutwaro, imiterere, nikirere hamwe - ntibitandukanye.
Ibyo Kugerageza Mbere yo Kugura Igihe cyo Kuzamura vs Igihe cyo Guhindura Bikwiye Ibibazo bimwe byakosorwa binyuze muguhindura; abandi bakeneye igishushanyo gitandukanye.
Umwanzuro: Guhitamo igikapu cyo gutembera ni icyemezo cya tekiniki, ntabwo ari uburyo bwo guhitamo Isakoshi yo gutembera igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye, umunaniro, n'umutekano. Kwirinda amakosa asanzwe bihindura gutembera kuva mubuyobozi bwo kwihangana bikagenda neza.
Ibibazo 1. Nahitamo nte ubunini bukwiye bwo gutembera? Guhitamo uburenganzira gutembera mu gikapu Biterwa n'uburebure bw'urugendo, uburemere buremereye, hamwe n'ubutaka aho guhitamo wenyine.
2. Ese umufuka wo gutembera woroshye buri gihe ni mwiza? Umufuka woroshye ntabwo buri gihe ari mwiza iyo ubangamiwe gukwirakwiza imitwaro n'inkunga.
3. Ni kangahe isakoshi ikwiranye no kugenda urugendo rurerure? Gukwirakwiza neza bigabanya cyane umunaniro kandi biteza imbere guhagarara kure.
4. Ni ibihe bikoresho byiza byo gutembera ibikapu? Guhitamo ibikoresho bigomba kuringaniza igihe, uburemere, hamwe nibikorwa byihariye byikirere.
5. Ese igikapu cyo gutembera nabi gishobora kongera ibyago byo gukomeretsa? Nibyo, umutwaro muke hamwe no guhungabana birashobora kongera imbaraga hamwe no kugwa.
INGINGO Gukwirakwiza Imizigo Yimitwaro hamwe na Gait ya muntu, J. Knapik, Ubushakashatsi bwa Ergonomique
Ibinyabuzima byo gutwara imizigo, R. Bastien, Ikinyamakuru cya Physiologiya ikoreshwa
Ibikoresho byo hanze Ibikoresho byo Kuramba, Komite Tekinike ya ASTM
Ubushyuhe bwa Thermal hamwe nibikorwa mubikorwa byo hanze, Ikinyamakuru Ibikorwa byabantu
Gutwara ibikomere byo gutembera no gucunga imizigo, Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika
Kwiga imyenda ya UV Kwiga, Ikinyamakuru Ubushakashatsi
Igishushanyo mbonera cya Ergonomic Igishushanyo mbonera, Gusubiramo Igishushanyo mbonera
Gutwara Imizigo no Kuruha Umunaniro, Itsinda ryubushakashatsi bwubuvuzi bwa siporo
Urwego rwo gufata ibyemezo nubushishozi bufatika bwo guhitamo igikapu cyo gutembera Guhitamo igikapu cyo gutembera akenshi bifatwa nkikibazo cyo guhitamo, ariko uburambe bwumurima bwerekana ko ari icyemezo cya sisitemu kirimo ibinyabuzima, ibikoresho, hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa. Amakosa menshi yo gutoranya abaho ntabwo kuberako abakerarugendo birengagiza ibisobanuro, ahubwo ni ukubera ko badasobanukiwe nuburyo ibyo bisobanuro bikora mugihe hamwe na terrain.
Ubushobozi bw'ubushobozi burabigaragaza neza. Umufuka uremereye ushishikarizwa kwipakurura birenze, mugihe utagabanije umwe uhatira imigereka yo hanze idahindagurika. Muri ibyo bihe byombi, ibisubizo ni gucunga neza ibiro aho kwitegura. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kwibanda ku buremere bwibikapu byose utitaye ku kwimura imitwaro birengagiza uburyo inkunga yibibuno hamwe nimiterere yimiterere bigira ingaruka kumunaniro mwinshi mugihe cyo kugenda.
Guhitamo ibikoresho bikurikiza uburyo bumwe. Imyenda ihakana cyane, impuzu zidafite amazi, hamwe na sisitemu yo guhumeka buri kimwe gikemura ibibazo byihariye, ariko ntanubwo ari byiza kuri bose. Imikorere yabyo iterwa nikirere, imiterere yubutaka, nigihe cyurugendo. Kudahuza imitungo yibintu nuburyo bukoreshwa akenshi biganisha ku kwambara imburagihe, kwiyongera k'ubushuhe, cyangwa uburemere budakenewe.
Amakosa ajyanye neza arushijeho guhuza ibyo bibazo. Uburebure bwa Torso, ikibuno cyumukandara, hamwe na geometrie ikanda bigira ingaruka ku buringanire no guhagarara, cyane cyane kubutaka butaringaniye. Ndetse ibintu bidahuye neza birashobora guhindura imitwaro kure yingingo zikomeye zifasha umubiri, kongera ingufu zikoreshwa ningorane muminsi ikurikiranye.
Urebye mu nganda, igishushanyo mbonera cyo gutembera kiragenda kiyoborwa no kwerekana imiterere ya ergonomique, kugerageza igihe kirekire, hamwe no gutunganya amakuru aho kunonosora ubwiza. Ihinduka ryerekana imyumvire yagutse ko imikorere yinyuma igomba gusuzumwa mumasaha niminsi, ntabwo ari iminota.
Ubwanyuma, kwirinda amakosa yo guhitamo imifuka yo gutembera bisaba gusubiramo icyemezo: ntabwo "Nuwuhe mufuka usa neza?" ariko “Ni ubuhe buryo bushyigikira umubiri wanjye, umutwaro, n'ibidukikije mu gihe runaka?” Iyo iyi myumvire ikoreshwa, ihumure, imikorere, numutekano bitezimbere hamwe aho guhatana.
