
Ibirimo
Kuri ba mukerarugendo benshi, ijambo "ridafite amazi" ryumva rishimishije. Itanga uburinzi, kwiringirwa, n'amahoro yo mumutima mugihe ikirere cyahindutse kitateganijwe. Nyamara mu myitozo, kwirinda amazi mu gutembera mu gikapu ni byiza cyane kuruta ikirango kimwe cyangwa ikiranga.
Ibisubizo bibiri byiganje bikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe: PU isize umwenda winyuma na Imvura yo hanze. Byombi byashizweho mu gucunga neza ubuhehere, ariko bukora muburyo butandukanye, bukora intego zitandukanye, kandi bikananirana mubihe bitandukanye. Urujijo ruvuka iyo ba mukerarugendo bibwira ko ibyo bisubizo bisimburana cyangwa biteze ko kimwe cyatanga imikorere idashobora gukoreshwa n’amazi mu bidukikije byose.
Iyi ngingo irasesengura imikorere-yisi ya Amazi adashobora gutwara amazi mu gusuzuma PU coating vs imvura hifashishijwe ibikoresho siyanse, ibitekerezo bya biomehanike, hamwe na sisitemu yo gutembera mu murima. Aho guteza imbere igisubizo kimwe kurindi, intego ni ugusobanura uburyo buri sisitemu ikora, aho iruta, kandi aho ubushobozi bwayo bugarukira.
Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro. Ibitekerezo bidakwiye kubijyanye no kwirinda amazi akenshi biganisha ku bikoresho byashizwemo, kugabanya umutwaro uremereye, no kwangirika kwigihe kitaragera - cyane cyane mugihe cyiminsi myinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije. Kurangiza iki gitabo, uzaba ufite urwego rufatika rwo guhitamo igihe PU, imvura, cyangwa a uburyo bwa Hybrid byumvikana cyane.

Imiterere nyabagendwa nyayo yerekana uburyo ibikapu bisize PU hamwe nigifuniko cyimvura bikora muburyo butandukanye mugihe cyimvura nyinshi kumihanda.
Mubikoresho byo hanze, kwirinda amazi bibaho kumurongo aho kuba nkibiri. Benshi Gutembera Kugwa mu cyiciro cya sisitemu irwanya amazi, ntabwo bifunze neza.
Kurwanya amazi mubisanzwe bipimwa ukoresheje hydrostatike yumutwe, bigaragarira muri milimetero (mm). Agaciro kagaragaza uburebure bwinkingi yamazi umwenda ushobora kwihanganira mbere yo kumeneka.
Ibipimo bisanzwe birimo:
1.000-15.500 mm: kurwanya imvura yoroheje
Mm 3.000: kurinda imvura ikomeje
5.000 mm no hejuru: kurwanya umuvuduko ukabije wamazi
Nyamara, ibipimo byimyenda byonyine ntibisobanura imikorere muri rusange idafite amazi. Kudoda, kudoda, zipers, gufungura ibishushanyo, hamwe nintera yinyuma akenshi bihinduka aho byinjira mumazi mbere yuko kunanirwa imyenda bibaho.
Isakoshi yo gutembera ni ibintu byoroshye, bitwara imitwaro. Bitandukanye n’imifuka yumye, igomba kunama, kwikuramo, no guhinduranya mugihe cyo kugenda. Izi mbaraga zingirakamaro zibangamira kashe mugihe.
Gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi byongera umuvuduko muke. Ibitugu by'ibitugu hamwe n'umukandara utera uturere. Ndetse nimyenda idafite amazi, kwinjira mumazi bikunze kugaragara kuri:
Zipper tracks
Umwobo w'urushinge mukudoda
Gufungura hejuru-hejuru munsi yo kwikuramo imitwaro
Nkigisubizo, benshi Gutembera shingira kuri sisitemu aho kuba inzitizi zuzuye zo gucunga amazi.
Ipitingi ya PU bivuga a polyurethane ushyizwe hejuru yimbere yimbere yigitambara. Iyi shitingi ikora firime ikomeza ibuza amazi kwinjira mugihe ikomeza guhinduka.
Ububiko bwa PU busanzwe buhujwe na nylon Kuva 210D kugeza 600D, ukurikije ibisabwa umutwaro. Ubunini bwa coating hamwe nuburyo bugena imikorere idakoresha amazi, igihe kirekire, nuburemere.
Bitandukanye nubuvuzi bwo hanze, igipfundikizo cya PU kirinda umwenda imbere, bivuze ko amazi agomba kunyura mumyenda yo hanze mbere yo guhura na bariyeri idafite amazi.
Hasi ni igereranya ryoroheje ryibisanzwe bya PU Gutembera imyenda:
| Ubwoko bw'imyenda | Denier | Ububiko bwa PU | Igipimo gisanzwe kitagira amazi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nylon | 210D | PU | 1.500-2000 mm |
| Hagati ya Nylon | 420D | Hagati ya PU | 3000-4,000 mm |
| Nylon | 600D | PU | 5.000 mm + |
Mugihe imyenda yo guhakana ihanitse ishyigikira umwenda mwinshi, imikorere idakoresha amazi ntabwo ari umurongo. Kwiyongera kwububiko bwiyongera byongera uburemere no gukomera, bishobora kugabanya ihumure ryipaki kandi byongera ibyago byo guturika mugihe runaka.
Impuzu za PU zirashobora kwibasirwa hydrolysis, imiti ivunika yihuta nubushyuhe, ubushuhe, nuburyo bwo kubika. Indorerezi zerekana ko PU ishobora gutakaza 15-30% y'imikorere yabo idafite amazi nyuma yimyaka 3-5 ikoreshwa bisanzwe, cyane cyane mubihe bitose.
Gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi, kwikuramo, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bishobora kwihuta. Ibi bivuze ko ibikapu bisize PU bisaba gukama neza no kubika kugirango bikomeze gukora igihe kirekire.
Igifuniko cy'imvura ni inzitizi zo hanze yagenewe kumena amazi mbere yuko igera kumyenda yinyuma. Ubusanzwe bikozwe muri nylon yoroheje cyangwa polyester, ibipfukisho by'imvura bitwikiriye paki, bikayobora imvura kure ya zipper.
Bitandukanye na PU yatwikiriye, imvura itwikiriye imikorere yigenga Ibikoresho bya Backpack. Uku gutandukana kubemerera gusimburwa, kuzamurwa, cyangwa gukurwaho ukurikije ibihe.

Igifuniko cyimvura gitanga amazi adashobora gukoreshwa mugihe utembera mumapikipiki uhuye nimvura ndende cyangwa nyinshi.
Nubwo bigaragara ko byoroshye, igifuniko cyimvura gitangiza ibibazo byabo. Mu muyaga mwinshi, ibifuniko birashobora guhinduka cyangwa gutandukana igice. Mu bimera byinshi, birashobora gukurura cyangwa kurira. Mugihe cyimvura yaguye, amazi arashobora kwinjira kuva munsi cyangwa kunyura ahantu hatagaragara.
Byongeye kandi, ibipfukisho by'imvura ntibirinda ubushuhe buturuka imbere muri paki. Imyenda itose cyangwa igikonjo cyafatiwe munsi yigitwikiro kirashobora guhungabanya umwuma w'imbere.
Imvura nyinshi itwikiriye 60 na 150 g, bitewe n'ubunini bw'ipaki. Mugihe ugereranije byoroheje, bongeraho intambwe yoherejwe mugihe cyimihindagurikire yikirere gitunguranye.
Mugihe cyimihindagurikire yimisozi ibidukikije, gutinda kwimvura yimvura akenshi bivamo guhuha igice mbere yuko uburinzi bugira akamaro.
| Imiterere | PU | Igifuniko cy'imvura |
|---|---|---|
| Imvura Yoroheje | Bikora neza | Bikora neza |
| Imvura igereranije | Ingirakamaro (igihe ntarengwa) | Nibyiza cyane |
| Imvura nyinshi (amasaha 4+) | Buhoro buhoro birashoboka | Kurinda cyane niba bifite umutekano |
Ipitingi ya PU irwanya kwiyuzuzamo buhoro buhoro ariko amaherezo ikemerera kwinjiza ubuhehere. Imvura itwikiriye imvura igihe kirekire ariko yishingikirije neza kandi ihagaze.
PU yatwikiriye yongeramo uburemere buke no kubika geometrie. Igifuniko cyimvura gishobora guhuhuta umuyaga cyangwa guhinduranya gato, cyane cyane mumihanda migufi.
PU gutwika birananirana mugihe runaka. Imvura itwikiriye kunanirwa muburyo bwo gukuramo, kwimura umuyaga, cyangwa ikosa ryabakoresha.
PU gutwikira wenyine birahagije. Imvura ihura ikunda kuba mugufi, kandi kugabanya ingorabahizi bizamura imikorere.
Imvura itwikiriye neza PU mugihe cyimvura imara igihe kinini, cyane cyane iyo ihujwe numufuka wumye.
Ahantu hakonje, impuzu zikomeye za PU zirashobora gucika, mugihe imvura iguma ihindagurika. Ariko, kwirundanya kwa shelegi birashobora kurenga ibifuniko bidafite umutekano.
Niba igifuniko cyimvura cyananiranye, gutwikira PU biracyatanga imbaraga zibanze. Niba PU itwikiriye nabi, igifuniko cyimvura gitanga uburinzi bwigenga. Ubucucike butezimbere kwihangana.
Ababikora baragenda bashushanya paki hamwe impuzandengo ya PU Byahujwe na kubishaka imvura, kuringaniza uburemere, kuramba, no guhuza n'imiterere.
Amabwiriza y’ibidukikije arimo asunika ibirango kugabanya ibishishwa bishingiye ku gukemura no gushakisha ubundi buryo bwa PU bwakoreshejwe. Kuramba biragenda bihabwa agaciro nkibipimo biramba.
Ba mukerarugendo benshi basuzugura ibirego bitarimo amazi batitaye ku iyubakwa ry’imyenda, kwerekana zipper, cyangwa gusaza igihe kirekire. Abandi bashingira gusa ku gipfukisho cyimvura batabaze inkomoko yimbere.
Byinshi ikosa rusange ni ugutekereza ko kutirinda amazi ari ikintu kimwe aho kuba sisitemu ihuriweho.
Ingendo ngufi zitonesha PU. Ingendo zagutse zunguka imvura cyangwa sisitemu ihuriweho.
Ibidukikije bitoshye kandi bishyuha byihutisha kwangirika kwa PU, byongera akamaro k'imvura.
Imizigo iremereye yongerera imbaraga imbaraga, kugabanya imikorere yigihe kirekire ya PU.
Kugenda iminsi myinshi murugendo rutateganijwe, a PU isize ipaki wongeyeho igifuniko cyimvura itanga ubwizerwe buhebuje.
Amapikipiki atagira amazi ntibisobanuwe nibikoresho bimwe cyangwa ibikoresho. Imyenda ya PU hamwe nimvura itanga inshingano zitandukanye muburyo bwagutse bwo gucunga neza.
Imyenda ya PU itanga ikidodo, burigihe-irwanya imbaraga nkeya. Igifuniko cyimvura gitanga uburinzi buhebuje mugihe cyimvura kirekire ariko biterwa no kubitunganya no kubibungabunga.
Uburyo bwiza cyane bwerekana ko kwirinda amazi ari uburyo butandukanye - bumwe bujyanye nubutaka, ikirere, nigihe cyurugendo. Gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro ryemerera abakerarugendo kurinda ibikoresho, kubungabunga ihumure, no kongera igihe cyigihe cyigihe.
Ibikapu bisize PU birwanya amazi ariko ntibirinda amazi byuzuye kubera kashe, zipper, hamwe no gufungura imiterere.
Igifuniko cyimvura gikora neza mugihe cyimvura nyinshi, mugihe imyenda idakoresha amazi itanga uburinzi bwibanze.
Hamwe nubwitonzi bukwiye, impuzu za PU mubisanzwe zigumana imikorere mumyaka 3-5 mbere yo kwangirika kugaragara.
Nibyo, imvura itwikiriye zipers ziva kumvura itaziguye, bikagabanya ibyago byo kumeneka mugihe cyumuyaga.
Ibipimo biri hagati ya mm 1.500 na 3000 birahagije mubihe byinshi byo gutembera iyo bihujwe nigishushanyo mbonera gikwiye.
Imyenda idafite amazi kandi ihumeka mubikoresho byo hanze
Richard McCullough, Ikinyamakuru cy’ubushakashatsi ku myenda, kaminuza ya Leta ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru
Uburyo bwa Hydrostatike Yipimisha Uburyo bwimyenda yo hanze
James Williams, Ikigo gishinzwe ubuziranenge mu Bwongereza (BSI)
Ibikoresho bya Polyurethane hamwe na Hydrolytike Yangirika mu myenda ya sintetike
Takashi Nakamura, Ishuri Rikuru ry'ikoranabuhanga rya Kyoto
Shyiramo Sisitemu yo gutwara no gucunga neza ibishushanyo mbonera
Michael Knapik, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ingabo z’Amerika z’ubuvuzi bushingiye ku bidukikije
Ingamba zo Kurinda Imvura Kubikapu yo hanze
Simon Turner, Ishyirahamwe ryinganda zo hanze
Kuramba no gusaza Imyitwarire yimyenda yo hanze
Lars Schmidt, Ikigo cya Hohenstein
Ingaruka ku bidukikije ya PU yambitswe ibicuruzwa byo hanze
Eva Johansson, Itsinda ryo hanze yu Burayi
Igishushanyo mbonera cyubucuruzi-Offs mugutwara ibikapu munsi yikirere gikabije
Peter Reynolds, Kaminuza ya Leeds
Uburyo bwa PU burinda mubyukuri igikapu cyo gutembera:
Ipitingi ya PU ikora mugukora polyurethane ikomeza hejuru yimbere yimyenda yimifuka, kugabanya umuvuduko wamazi no kunoza amazi mugihe gito.
Imikorere yacyo iterwa no gutwikira umubyimba, ubwinshi bwimyenda, no kwambara igihe kirekire.
Igihe kirenze, gukuramo, guhagarika umutima, hamwe na hydrolysis birashobora kugabanya imikorere yimyenda, cyane cyane mubushuhe cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Impamvu Igipfukisho c'imvura gisigara ari ngirakamaro naho igitambara kitagira amazi:
Imvura itwikira imikorere nkigice cya kabiri cyo kwirwanaho, irinda kwiyuzuza igihe kirekire imyenda yo hanze no kugabanya umuvuduko wamazi kumurongo hamwe na zipper.
Zifite akamaro cyane mugihe cyimvura ikomeje, kwambuka imigezi, cyangwa mugihe ibikapu byagaragaye mugihe gihagaze.
Nyamara, igifuniko cyimvura gitanga uburinzi buke bwimvura itwarwa numuyaga winjira mumwanya winyuma cyangwa ahantu h'ibitugu.
Bigenda bite iyo hakoreshejwe igisubizo kimwe gusa kitarimo amazi:
Kwishingikiriza gusa kuri PU birashobora gutuma buhoro buhoro bwinjira mugihe cyimvura yaguye, mugihe bitewe gusa nigitwikiro cyimvura birengagiza ubukana bwimbere hamwe nintege nke.
Imiterere nyayo yo gutembera kwisi ikunze kwerekana ibikapu kumpande zinyuranye, ingingo zumuvuduko, no guhura nubuso butose, bikagaragaza imipaka yo kurinda urwego rumwe.
Guhitamo Ingamba Zirinda Amazi Kuburyo butandukanye bwo gutembera:
Kuzamuka kumunsi mubihe byumuyaga cyangwa ubushyuhe burigihe byunguka bihagije kumyenda isize PU yonyine, mugihe kuzamuka kwiminsi myinshi, ibidukikije bya alpine, cyangwa ikirere kitateganijwe bisaba uburyo butandukanye.
Guhuza igipfunyika cya PU hamwe nigifuniko cyimvura gikwiye neza bizamura ubwizerwe muri rusange bitongereye cyane uburemere bwibipaki cyangwa ubunini.
Ibitekerezo birebire hamwe n'ibishushanyo mbonera:
Igishushanyo mbonera cya kijyambere kigenda gishyigikira uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda amazi aho kuba amazi adasubirwaho.
Kunoza imyubakire yubudozi, gufata ingamba zifatika, hamwe no gushyira imyenda yubwenge bigamije gucunga amazi aho kuyakuraho burundu.
Ihinduka ryerekana gusobanukirwa kwukuri uburyo ibikapu bikoreshwa mubihe bitandukanye byo hanze.
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