
Ibirimo
Gutembera mu gikapu ihumure byigeze gufatwa nkikibazo cyoroshye, gifatika gikemurwa nifuro nini cyane nigitugu kinini. Uyu munsi, icyo gitekerezo ntikigifite. Mugihe inzira zo gutembera zigera kure, ikirere kiba gishyushye, kandi abayikoresha bitwaje ibikoresho biremereye cyangwa byinshi bya tekiniki, kutoroherwa byahindutse kuva ikibazo cyo kwihanganira ibintu bigarukira.
Kurundanya ibyuya inyuma, ingingo zumuvuduko waho, hamwe numunaniro winyuma-mugongo ubu biri mubibazo bikunze kuvugwa nabagenzi bakora urugendo rurerure. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana ko iyo ubushyuhe bwinyuma bwiyongereye hejuru ya 3-4 ° C ugereranije nibidukikije, imbaraga zagaragaye zishobora kwiyongera hejuru ya 15%, nubwo umutwaro wose udahinduka.
Iyi niyo mpamvu Sisitemu Yinyuma Yinyuma ya Gutembera mu gikapu ntibikiri muburyo bwo gushushanya ibintu. Berekana igisubizo cyuburyo bwo gucunga ubushyuhe, kwimura ibiro, hamwe ningendo zigenda aho kwisiga. Duhereye ku nganda, ihumure ryabaye disipuline yubuhanga yashinze imizi muri fiziki yo mu kirere, siyanse y’ibintu, hamwe n’ibinyabuzima byabantu.
Sisitemu yinyuma yububiko ni intera iri hagati yumubiri wumuntu nuburyo bwo kwikorera imitwaro yumufuka. Harimo padding layer, mesh cyangwa spacer ibikoresho, amakadiri yimbere, hamwe na geometrie igenzura uburyo paki ihuza umugongo wambaye.
Sisitemu yinyuma ihindura iyi interface mugutangiza intera igenzurwa ninzira zitemba. Aho kuruhukira inyuma, umubiri wapakiwe uratandukanijwe igice, bituma umwuka uzenguruka nubushyuhe bukwirakwira neza.

Gufunga hafi ya sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka, kwerekana imiterere ihumeka mesh hamwe nuduce twunganira imitwaro muburyo bugezweho bwo gutembera inyuma yimodoka.
Intego zubwubatsi inyuma Gutembera mu gikapu cyiza irashobora gukusanyirizwa mu ntego enye z'ingenzi:
Mugabanye ubushyuhe binyuze mumyuka
Kwihutisha guhumeka neza
Komeza umutwaro uhagaze mugihe cyo kugenda
Komeza kugabana uburemere bwa ergonomic
Guhumeka byonyine ntabwo byemeza ihumure. Gusa iyo umwuka uhumeka, inkunga, hamwe nogukomeza byakozwe nka sisitemu imwe ikora sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka itanga inyungu zifatika.
Mu minsi myinshi yo gutembera, Gutembera mubisanzwe witwaza imitwaro iri hagati ya 12 na 18. Kuri ubu buremere, umuvuduko ukabije wibice byintoki nigitugu byiyongera cyane. Hatabayeho guhumeka bihagije no gutandukanya imiterere, ubushyuhe nubushuhe birashobora koroshya ibikoresho bya padi, bikagabanya imikorere yingirakamaro mugihe.
Kwipimisha mu murima byerekana ko sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka irashobora kugabanya ubushuhe bwinyuma bwinyuma hafi 20-30% mugihe cyo gutembera bikomeza amasaha arenga ane.
Mu kirere gishyushye, gukonjesha guhumeka biba ingirakamaro. Iyo umwuka mubi ubujijwe, ibyuya bikomeza gufatwa hagati yinyuma nudupaki, kuzamura ubushyuhe bwuruhu no kwihutisha umunaniro.
Sisitemu ihumeka ifite imiyoboro ihanamye irashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe buringaniye bwinyuma ya 2-33 ° C ugereranije nibisanzwe byinyuma byimbere mubihe bimwe.
Ubutaka butaringaniye butangiza mikoro ihoraho muguhagarara. Ikibaho cyumuyaga udahumeka neza gishobora guteza imbere umwuka ariko bikabangamira ituze. Ibisubizo byubwubatsi bigomba kuringaniza guhumeka hamwe no kugenzura imitwaro kuruhande no gukumira imitwaro mugihe cyo kuzamuka cyangwa kumanuka.

Sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka ifasha kugumya umutwaro no gutwarwa numwuka mugihe gutembera ibikapu bikoreshwa kubutaka butaringaniye hamwe ninzira ndende.
Imikorere yo mu kirere iterwa cyane numuyoboro wa geometrie. Imiyoboro ihanamye ipima mm 8-15 zubujyakuzimu ikunda gukora neza, kuko itera ubwiyunge busanzwe ikomeza ubusugire bwimiterere.
Umwanya ukabije urashobora kongera umwuka ariko akenshi bivamo kugabanya kugenzura imitwaro. Ubwubatsi bwiza bushakisha gutandukana byibuze bikomeza guhumeka neza.
Sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka ntabwo ikora yigenga. Ihuza imishumi yigitugu, imikandara, hamwe namakadiri yimbere. Sisitemu ikozwe neza irashobora guhinduranya kugera kuri 60-70% yumutwaro wose ugana ku kibuno, bikagabanya umunaniro wigitugu.
Isaranganya ningirakamaro mugukomeza ihumure intera ndende.
Igishushanyo cyahagaritswe cyangwa giteye inshusho gitera icyuho kigenzurwa hagati yuwambaye nudupaki. Nubwo bigira ingaruka nziza mu kirere, sisitemu zisaba gukomera gukomeye kugirango wirinde guhinduka munsi yumutwaro.
Ibikoresho bya 3D spacer mesh mubisanzwe biri hagati ya mm 3 na 8 z'ubugari. Imyenda yo mu kirere yo mu rwego rwohejuru ikomeza hejuru ya 90% yubunini bwumwimerere nyuma yikurikiranya rya 50.000, ikanakora neza igihe kirekire.
Ibikoresho bya frame bigira ingaruka kumyuka no gutuza.
| Ibikoresho | Uburemere busanzwe (kg) | Guhinduka | Kuramba |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminiyumu | 0.35–0.6 | Giciriritse | Hejuru |
| Fibre Yashimangiwe na Plastike | 0.25–0.45 | Hejuru | Giciriritse |
| Ikadiri | 0.3–0.5 | Birashoboka | Hejuru |
Ubucucike buri hagati ya 40 na 70 kg / m³ burakoreshwa. Ifuro ryinshi-ryinshi ritezimbere guhumeka ariko rirashobora kugabanuka mugihe, mugihe ifuro ryinshi ryinshi ritanga ubufasha bwiza bwikiguzi cyumuyaga.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byapimwe bitanga ubushishozi bujyanye no kunoza ihumure.
| Ibipimo | Umwanya winyuma | Sisitemu Yinyuma Yinyuma |
|---|---|---|
| Inyuma Yubuso Ubushyuhe Guhinduka | + 4.5 ° C. | + 2.1 ° C. |
| Igipimo cyo guhumeka neza | Ibyingenzi | + 25% |
| Ikwirakwizwa ryingutu | Gushyira mu gaciro | Hejuru |
| Kubona Umunaniro Nyuma yamasaha 6 | Hejuru | Yagabanijwe na ~ 18% |
Izi ngingo zerekana ko guhumeka bigira uruhare muguhumuriza gusa iyo bihujwe nigishushanyo mbonera.

Kugereranya impande zose zigereranya sisitemu yinyuma yumuyaga hamwe na panne gakondo yinyuma ya furo, byerekana imikorere yumuyaga, kubaka ubushyuhe, hamwe nuburyo bwo guhuza umugongo mugihe cyo gukoresha ingendo.
Imikorere gakondo ishingiye ku kwinjizwa, mugihe sisitemu ihumeka ishingiye ku gutandukana. Kurenza gukoresha, gutandukana guhora kurenza kwinjiza mubihe bishyushye cyangwa bitose.
Sisitemu ihumeka mubisanzwe yongeramo 200-400 g ugereranije na panne ntoya. Nyamara, uku kwiyongera akenshi kurangizwa no kugabanya umunaniro no kunoza imikorere yo gutembera.
Kuva a gutembera mu gikapu Icyerekezo, sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka bisaba kwihanganira cyane, intambwe ziteranirijwe hamwe, hamwe no kugenzura ubuziranenge bukomeye, cyane cyane kuri mesh tension hamwe no guhuza ikadiri.
Gutembera abakora ibikapu kora ibizamini bya laboratoire hamwe nu murima, harimo ibizamini byikizamini cyikirenga birenga 30.000 bisubirwamo hamwe nisuzuma-nyabagendwa mubihe bitandukanye.
Itandukaniro rito muri mesh tension cyangwa ikadiri yo kugabanuka irashobora guhindura cyane ihumure. Ibi bituma sisitemu ihumeka yunvikana mubikorwa bidahuye kuruta ibishushanyo gakondo.
Ibisubizo bya OEM byemerera ababikora guhuza ubujyakuzimu bwimbitse, gukomera kwa mesh, hamwe na geometrike yububiko bwa paki yihariye no gukoresha imanza, bigushoboza sisitemu yinyuma yinyuma ya sisitemu iterambere.
Gusunika paki Yatwaye ibishushanyo mbonera bivanga guhumeka igice hamwe na padi ya stratike, kugabanya uburemere mugihe urinda umwuka.
Amashanyarazi yongeye gukoreshwa hamwe na bio-ashingiye ku ifuro arakoreshwa cyane, nubwo guhangana kwigihe kirekire byo kugabanuka bikomeje gusuzumwa.
Ikarita yumubiri hamwe nigitutu-sensor yamakuru ubu irahindura inyuma ya geometrie yinyuma, ituma abashushanya guhuza neza ihumure rishingiye kubikorwa nyabyo byabakoresha.
Amabwiriza y’ibihugu by’i Burayi ashimangira kuramba, umutekano w’abakoresha, no gusanwa, gushiraho mu buryo butaziguye sisitemu yinyuma ibipimo byubwubatsi.
Inganda zipima inganda ziyobora abrasion, kwihanganira imitwaro, hamwe nibikorwa byo gusaza, kwemeza sisitemu ihumeka yujuje ibyateganijwe kuramba.
Babaye indashyikirwa mu kirere gishyushye, gutembera kure, no kurenza imitwaro iremereye aho gucunga ubushyuhe bigira ingaruka ku kwihangana.
Mugihe gikonje cyangwa ibintu byinshi-abrasion, ibintu byoroshye kandi byoroshye byinyuma birashobora kurenza ibishushanyo mbonera bihumeka.
Sisitemu yinyuma ya sisitemu yerekana ihinduka kuva pasitoro yogushira mubikorwa bikora neza. Iyo byateguwe kandi bikozwe neza, bitezimbere umwuka, bigacunga ubushyuhe, kandi bigahindura igabanywa ryimitwaro muburyo busanzwe bwinyuma budashobora. Imikorere yabo, ariko, iterwa no kubitekerezaho neza, gukora neza, hamwe ninganda zihoraho aho kwamamaza ibirango byonyine.
Sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka nigishushanyo mbonera cyinyuma gitera umwuka mwiza hagati yuwambaye nu mubiri wapakiye, bifasha kugabanya ubushyuhe nubushyuhe mugihe cyo gutembera.
Nibyo, sisitemu ihumeka neza irashobora kugabanya ubuhehere bwumugongo hafi 20-30% mugihe cyurugendo rurerure mugutezimbere umwuka no guhumeka.
Birashobora kuba, mugihe sisitemu yakozwe neza kugirango igumane umutwaro kandi igabanye uburemere bwibibuno.
Sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka yongeraho garama 200 na 400 ugereranije nibice byibanze byinyuma, bitewe nibikoresho n'imiterere.
Ababikora bakoresha compression yo gusiganwa ku magare, kugerageza kwihanganira imizigo, gusuzuma ikirere, hamwe nukuri-kwisi kwisi kugerageza kwemeza ihumure nigihe kirekire.
Isakoshi ya Ergonomiya nogukwirakwiza imizigo, J. Anderson, Ikigo cya Ergonomiya cyo hanze, Isubiramo tekinike
Imicungire yubushyuhe nubushuhe muri sisitemu yambara, L. Matthews, Ikinyamakuru Imikorere Yabantu
Imyenda ya Spacer mubikoresho byo hanze, T. Weber, Igihembwe Cyubwubatsi
Gutwara Imashini Yimura Mubishushanyo Byibikapu, R. Collins, Gusubiramo Ibinyabuzima Byakoreshejwe
Ibikoresho byo hanze Uburyo bwo Kugerageza Kuramba, Ibisohoka muri Komite ya ASTM
Guhumuriza Ubushyuhe no Gutembera, S. Impano, Isubiramo ry'ubumenyi bwa siporo
Ibikoresho bya Frame nubushobozi bwububiko mumifuka, M. Hoffmann, Ibikoresho Byubu
Ibicuruzwa byumuguzi Ibiteganijwe kuramba muri EU, Raporo yubisesengura ryiburayi
Niki gisobanura sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka neza: Mugutwara ibikapu, sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka ntabwo isobanurwa no kuba hari mesh yonyine, ahubwo nukuntu uburyo bwo gutembera kwumwuka, inkunga yimiterere, hamwe no guhererekanya imitwaro byakozwe nka sisitemu imwe. Ibishushanyo mbonera bikora itandukaniro rigenzurwa hagati yuwambaye nudupfunyika umubiri, bigatuma ubushyuhe nubushuhe bigabanuka bitabangamiye ituze ryimikorere.
Uburyo sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka itezimbere ihumure: Inyungu zo guhumurizwa ziva mukugabanya ubushyuhe burambye no kugumana ubushuhe aho kongera umubyimba wa padi. Muguhuza imiyoboro yimyuka, imyenda ya spacer, hamwe na geometrie ihagarikwa, sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka igabanya ubushyuhe bwinyuma bwinyuma kandi igatezimbere imikorere yumwuka mugihe cyigihe kirekire, cyane cyane munsi yimitwaro iremereye kandi iremereye.
Kuki injeniyeri ifite akamaro kuruta ibirango: Imikorere ya sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka biterwa nubuhanga bwubuhanga, ntabwo ari marketing marketing. Urushundura rukabije, inshundura zitari zo, cyangwa inteko idahuye irashobora guhakana ibyiza byo guhumeka. Niyo mpanvu gukora ubunyangamugayo no kugerageza guhoraho ari ibintu byingenzi mubisubizo byukuri byo kwisi.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyakoreshejwe murwego rwo gutembera mu gikapu: Ababikora bakoresha umwuka muburyo butandukanye bitewe nubunini bwibikapu no gukoresha ikariso. Amapaki yoroheje yumunsi akenshi yishingikiriza kumiyoboro idahumeka yumwuka hamwe nifuro ihumeka, mugihe ibikapu byiminsi myinshi byo gutembera bikoresha imbaho zinyuma zahagaritswe cyangwa sisitemu ya Hybrid kugirango uhuze umwuka hamwe no kugenzura imizigo. Gushushanya ibintu bifatika bigenda bikundwa kuruta guhumeka neza.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi kuramba no kubahiriza: Sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka igomba kuba yujuje ibyateganijwe igihe cyizunguruka inshuro nyinshi, gukuramo, no kwangiza ibidukikije. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’abaguzi by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi hamwe n’ibikorwa mpuzamahanga byo kugerageza byibanda ku myitwarire iteganijwe, kwizerwa mu miterere, no guhumurizwa igihe kirekire aho gusaba igihe gito.
Isoko no kubona isoko: Kubaguzi nabategura ibicuruzwa, ikibazo gikomeye ntabwo ari ukumenya niba igikapu cyo gutembera kirimo sisitemu yinyuma ihumeka, ahubwo ni uburyo sisitemu yakozwe, igeragezwa, kandi ikorwa mubipimo. Gusuzuma ibikoresho, gukwirakwiza imizigo, hamwe no guhuza umusaruro bitanga ibimenyetso byizewe byerekana ihumure nibikorwa kuruta guhumeka wenyine.
Ubushishozi muri rusange: Sisitemu yinyuma ikora neza iyo ifashwe nkigisubizo cyubuhanga aho kuba ikintu cyihariye. Iyo byateguwe kandi bikozwe hamwe nintego zisobanutse zinoze, zongera ingendo zo gutembera mumaguru, zishyigikira imikoreshereze ndende, kandi zihuza nibikorwa byiterambere byinganda kubikorwa, kuramba, hamwe nuburambe bwabakoresha.
Ibisobanuro Ikintu Ibisobanuro Ibicuruzwa Tra ...
Imiterere yihariye yuburyo bwinshi budasanzwe Inyuma ...
Kuzamuka Crampons Umufuka wo Kuzamuka Umusozi & ...